The International Maritime Organization - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1302 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Q2. Recently, the International Maritime Organization, acknowledgeing several shortcomings in the use of prescriptive regulation, and then it has been gradually developing a new approach of goal-based standars (GBS) which related to design and construction of new ships, these ships also use tranditional patterns of verifying compliance. As we all know, regulations are introduced to minimize the risks to a reasonable and acceptable level. In my opinion, I agree with the above statement. The shortcomings of prescriptive regulation are that it provides a less wider design space and lacks innovative design space, due to these limitations, the IMO develops a new approach which is called GBS, this new approach has its advantages and disadvantages as below. Undoubtly, there are several shortcomings in the prescriptive regulation. Before GBS were developed, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) was widely using the prescriptive regulation in shipping design and construction. Because they are very easy to be used for designer and those who want to check the design and construction. IMO also thought that regulation had the advantage of empirical basis. Because it can overcome the prediction on the theoretical basis at early design stage for a model ship. However, the shortcomings of prescriptive regulation is very obvious. First of all, when using the past experience, the constraints of design on these experience may lead to more needed than conservative. Or, there will occur more conservation. For example, if there accurs a specific accident accident which is widely obtained the attention for politics, the decision makers and designers will modify the norm, and then results to problems. In the second place, according to International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress (2006), prescriptive regulation may end up being the main design driver, it will make innovation stifling, and most importantly, it will produce less useful end ships. Thirdly, prescriptive regulation provides a less wider design space and lacks innovative design space. Thus, it provides small space to designer to design a good ship, however, the freedom to the designer can determine the range of viable solutions. In other words, prescriptive regulation cannot give designer more freedom to design and then the viable solutions will be limited in a small range. Based on those shortcomings of prescriptive regulation in the area of ship design, IMO has been gradually developing goal-based standards (GBS) in relation to the design and construction of new ships. The aim of GBS is to continually reduce risk that is the main goal in safety and environmental protection regulations. This approach heavily rely on data, models, expert judgment, assumptions and decision making criteria. The regulatory decision process is made more transparent by analyzing the needs for new regulations and evaluate their impact on safety, the environment and the large scale economy. According to the international maritime organization resolution (2004a), the Bahamas, Greece and IACS have proposed in a joint submission a 5-tier Goal-Based Regulatory Framework. The first tier is goals based safety objectives; the second tier is functional requirements; the third tier is verfication of compliance criteria; the fouth tier is technical procedures and guidelines, classification rules and industry standards; the fifth tier is the codes of practice and safety and quality systems for shipbuilding, ship operation, maintenance, training, manning, etc (IMO: 2004a). With the development of the noval approach of GBS, there are lots of advantages in the design and construction of new ships. The first advantage is safety, the GBS safety level approach will provide the quantification of safety of new shipping and the guidance of the design work for improving safety. The derect benefit is that it enables IMO to take the safety into consideration when designing new bu ilding. It gives the objective of establishing a rational and transparent basis of safeguarding and enhancing safety and protecting the marine environment. Secondly, the new des ign and construction can improve environmental sustainability which is affordable and acceptable under the utilization of GBS. Through GBS, when designing new ships, we can take the detrimental impacts to society, such as loss of life and the environment into consideration when evaluating the worth or viability of any proposed activity. For the decision makers, with the GBS, they can analyse the environmental life cycle and make process regarding the alternative active activities or the acceptability of an activity. Additionally, when taking the human element into consideration, it is apparent that at the top level the GBS specifies what tools and what areas should be considered for reducing the trips, falls and slips ( ISSC:2009). During the design and construction of new ships, we can use the GBS and reduc e the trips which is more important for these new ships. Besides, it is more freedom for designers to achieve more competitive, innovative and safer design, also it can assure the operating ships with compliance of societal requirements and sustainability. At last but not the least, though the GBS in relation to the construction of new ships, for the single structural elements and the assembled structure, the designer will know and cosider the materials and geometrical characteristics are the cohernet with the design program. Thus, the advantages of GBS are apparent when using it in relation to new shipsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ design and construction. The advantages of GBS in relation to shipà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s design and construction are obvious, however, there still are some disadvantages when using it. Firstly, in the present GBS format, it lacks a clear risk based acceptance criteria formulation. The need for this acceptance criteria setting allows classification societies to meet the goals of the standards transparently. This element is regarded as a major problem in the present GBS formulation. Secondly, the first tier and second should contain no prescriptive approaches which these approaches belong to the low levels. In the present GBS, the GBS framework has not modify or update when changing societal preferences transparently. Furthermore, GBS should take a more flexible maintenance and monitoring scheme into consideration, however, it does not good in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s society. And for the sustainability, the difficulty is that although we can easily know the concept of sustainabilityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s theory, it is hard to identify practical actions which can make a significant impact. Additionally, according to Huss (2007), for the third tier, the verification of compliance has shown to be the most difficult to complete, so far only rules which are developed by the classification societies have been considered. Lastly, for the goal-based stan dards based on the safety level approaches, IMO primarily just focuses on developing detailed technical requirements, it is not a useful standard, the IMO should focus on establishing functional requirements and monitoring the overall safety of new shipsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ design and construction rather than developing such detailed technical requirements. To be conclued, the general purpose of GBS is to define what to be achieved by these standards and not how it is achieved. It is hard for us to see the conflicts which regards at political high-level in IMO. On the contrary, it would promote understanding to start from the top in the rule making process instead of the technical details which is often like this. The IMO, acknowledging the prescription regulation has several shortcomings, such as it provides a less wider design space and lacks innovative design space. Due to these shortcomings, IMO generally develops the GBS which is related to the design and construction of the n ew ships, although GBSà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s disadvantages are apparent, IMO should update GBS due to the change of societal preferences. More importantly, it is necessary to use the tranditional patterns of verifying compliance. References Huss, M. (2007). Staus at IMO: where are the heading with goal-based standards? SAFEDORà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Mid Term Conference. 2007 International Maritime Organization, (2004a). ResolutionStrategic plan for the Organization, 23:944 International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress, (2006). Design principles and criteria, Technical Committee 1(1), Elsevier International Ship and Offshore structures congress (ISSC), (2009). Design principles and criteria, Technical Committee 1(1): 587-687 1 Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The International Maritime Organization" essay for you Create order

Health Promotion Of The Elderly - 1585 Words

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Humsn Hypocrisy free essay sample

In this visual human hypocrisy is expressed by the words Captain Beatty shouts at Montag, as Montag has to burn his own house down. Captain Beatty is a man that one cannot simply understand. Although, throughout the novel Beatty hinted at the fact that he had read many books throughout his life, he allows Montag to be his own demise. In the picture Captain Beatty is standing tall and proud as he watches Montag destroy the house that has the burden of books. Next to the picture of Captain Beatty is a quote. The quote says, Now, Montag, you’re a burden. And fire will lift you off my shoulders, clean, quick, sure; nothing to rot later. Antibiotic, aesthetic, practical. This is not taken in a literal sense, but captain Beatty is being extremely hypocritical in the fact that he has done the same thing Montag has done. Design choices can have a lot to do how a person views an image. We will write a custom essay sample on Humsn Hypocrisy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The deign can appeal to a strong sense of emotion if done correctly. In the visual Beatty is standing tall and proud along side this is the quote. The combination of the two show that Beatty does not intend to even help Montag. Captain Beatty is HAPPY that Montag has finally met the demise he has earned so much. Underneath the photo of Captain Beatty is another photo. This one is of a burning book. This is significant because if it was not for the law forbidding the burning of books due to it being a fire hazard the whole situation would not have taken place. Ethos logos and pathos are portrayed through the visual. Through ethos it is clear that this image is a credible source because the image of Captain Beatty and the quote both portray a large theme in the books. This shows that a person understands the concept. Pathos, emotional appeal, is shown through the stand-out colors as well as the book on fire. Both of these aspects portray anger. The claim of the visual is the hypocrisy of humans, and that as time goes on it will only get worse. Captain Beatty is the epitome of human hypocrisy. This is proven as he shouts quotes at Montag from books he has read. The most challenging part of composing the visual argument was coming up with a topic and pairing it with a theme. Although Captain Beatty obviously is a hypocrite constructing a visual that represents this without making the image overbearing was most difficult. I deliberately made the point obvious, mostly because of how blunt Captain Beatty can be.

Dynamics of Labour Market Segmentation †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Dynamics of Labour Market Segmentation. Answer: Introduction The report talks about Johnson Martin Ltd, a manufacturing Company who deals in the manufacturing of the clothes for the young people. The products provided by the company are fashionable and have quality. The company is established in the UK which is saturated and having the little prospects for the future sales growth. The top management of the company has decided to expand the business in the Middle Eastern Regions and decided three countries as their potential market which includes Turkey, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia. The aim of the report is to assess the opportunities in the Middle Eastern Region. The Johnson and Martin is the medium sized firm who is now looking to expand a business in other regions. The long-term objective of the JM is to set the operation in the Middle Eastern regions. The report includes the research and the analysis on the basis of which the company will decide in which firm they should enter first. At the end, mode of entry is suggested to the company with the help of which the company will be able to enter the market. The company is trying to provide the unique value to the customers that enhance customer satisfaction. The Johnson Martin is providing the quality product which can be felt by the customer after touching the stuff and once the customer wears it. The stuff provided by the manufacturer is made up of that fabric which provides the comfort to the customers (Toytari, et.al, 2017). The manufacturer provides the fashionable products for youth that attracts the youth towards the manufacturer. Identification of target market segment The market segmentation helps the company in identifying the target market. The market segmentation is the process with the help of which the company is able to divide the potential customers into different groups and segments (Wilkinson, 2013). The segmentation of the market will be same for all the markets where a company is looking to expand the business. Demographics- The demographic factors include the gender, age group, income and other factors. Gender- Company deals in the manufacturing of the clothing for the young people. The company is medium sized firm; the firm produces products for both boys and girls. The attire at a store is available for both boys and girls. Age- The manufacturer targets the teenagers and youth having the age group of 13-18 and 18- 25 years. The reason being the company believes in providing the quality and the fashionable product so this age group can easily understand the clothing stuff and quality (Brito, et.al, 2015). Lifestyle- The segment on which the company can focus is a lifestyle of the people. The Middle Eastern regions people lifestyle is different from the lifestyle of UK. The manufacturing firm can produce the product considering the lifestyle of the people in the Middle Eastern regions (Zhang, and Rong-rong, 2016). Geographic segmentation- The different regions have different clothing preference, the company is looking to expand the business in the middle east regions, over here also company need to provide the products considering the demand of the customers and their preference (HORNER, and NADVI, 2017). The Primary focus target market of the company is geographical segmentation; the company is looking to expand the business in Turkey, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia. The demographic segmentation is also considered by the company when the company expands the business in the Middle East regions. The secondary target market for the manufacturer will be a lifestyle of the people living in the Middle East regions as the company needs to consider their lifestyle because each and every people have a different lifestyle (Rosenau, and Wilson, 2014). The culture of the Turkey, Egypt and Saudi Arabia varies a lot similarly their lifestyle varies which makes the difference in their dressing style. Market competitor analysis The market and the competitors in the market varies from country to country, to expand the business company needs to analyze the market and its competitors so that they can select the best potential market for the expansion of the business. The clothing and textile industry is one of the crucial sectors of turkey, as it is the highest contributors to turkey economy and the foreign trade. The contribution of these two sectors in the economy of turkey is approximately 7%. The country includes more than 56,000 textile and clothing companies and these companies give employment to at least two million people (Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs, 2016). In the year 2013, the company got the 8th and 4th position in the global cotton production and consumption respectively and got the 3rd position in organic cotton production after India and Syria (Fibre2Fashion, 2017). The country is included in top ten exporters of textiles in the year 2015. FKN is the turkey leading clothing brand and the apparel wholesalers, who offers its services across the world. This is leading turkey clothing manufacture and company will find the tough competition (Jony Moin, 2013). The company has the opportunity to expand the business in Turkey as the most of the industry of the country is engaged in the cotton manufacturing. The company will get the opportunity to form the new links with the retailers of the Middle East regions. These connections can give the opportunity to the company for the overseas growth. Though, along with the opportunity, the company will also face the threats from the local competitors (Aiama, et.al, 2016). The companies who are already established in the market have a strong reputation and brand value. Hence these companies can be a threat to the JM Ltd. Egypt market includes the production process which consists of the cultivation of cotton, to making yarns and fabrics along with the ready-made apparels. Textile and the apparel industry is the 2nd largest sector, following to agro and play an important role in shaping the Egyptian economy. Apparel sector accounts for the 3% of GDP and approximately 27% of the industrial output (Fibre2Fashion, 2017). Approximately 25% of the total industry is attentive on the textile production; out of this 12% are involved in the home textile, 8% in cotton yarn and approximately 5% in other textiles. According to the research conducted in the year 2010, the textile sector of the Egypt consists of 3,243 companies with the total investment of 3.2 billion USD. The industry is soon going to get more of the support from the government (Zawya, 2016). PULLBEAR and Bershka are the company who manufacture clothing for the young people. These companies can become the big competitor of Johnson Martin Ltd. Identification of opportunity and threats The company has the opportunity in the Egypt as the clothing manufacturing industry contributes a high proportion of the GDP. Though, the market of the Egypt is already developed so if any new company will enter the market will take time to establish the brand name and value. The company has an opportunity to hire the workers at the average wages which leads to the profit (Vadicherla, and Saravanan, 2015). The threat that can be faced by the company in Egypt, this threat includes the successful establishment of the company because the market contains tough competition among the company and these companies make strategies for the new entrance in the market. The Saudi Arabia market for the clothing manufacturing is the growing market. The manufacture of Johnson Martin Ltd has an opportunity to grow in the market. The textile industries producing the apparel for the youth are increasing and over the last five year, 28 factories increase in Saudi Arabia. Considering the industrial activities 1429 to 1433H, the textile and apparel industry shows a growth of 23, 45% and 35, 9% respectively (Al-Hassan, 2013). PULL BEAR is having operations in Saudi Arabia and the company manufactures the clothing for the young people. Identification of opportunity and threats The opportunity for the company in the Saudi Arabia is more as compared to Egypt and turkey because the Saudi Arabia market is the developing market but talking about the market of the turkey and Egypt both markets are developed. JM can easily make the brand value and goodwill in the developing market. Though, the company needs to form the links so that they can provide the products to the retailer who can buy the product in bulk with the JM. The company can face the threat of the success of business in the market of the Saudi Arabia. Apart from the success, there can be a threat to profitability or sales or revenue of the company (Hodges, et.al. 2015). Each and every company make use of different market strategies for the company. The clothing manufacturing companies also make use of the different strategies for different countries. Though, the core marketing strategy for the company is same for all the countries (Solomon, 2014). The objective of the company is to expand the business in the Middle East regions. The company is clothing manufacturing that produces a product for the youth and at the same time, the company believes in providing the quality of the products. The company core strategy is to target the youth who are looking to buy the fashionable products. The company is looking to expand the business in the other regions because they want to enhance the sales of the clothing they are providing (Armstrong, et.al, 2014). The company decided to expand the business because they want to earn more of the profit and wants to generate the awareness in the market. The company marketing strategy is the launch of the product and the growth of the business. The company is planning to grow in the markets of Turkey, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia, and to grow in the market the company need to launch the different and unique clothes for the young people because the culture of the Middle East regions is totally different. The company startup in Turkey and Egypt will help the company in making a profit because the market is well known for the clothing manufacturing and in these potential markets company will face the tough competition from the existing companies. JM Company can also expand the business in Saudi Arabia as the market of this region is developing. The competitors available in this market are less as compared to the other market because the market of the Saudi Arabia is the growing market (Barquet, et.al, 2013). The company can expand the business in the Saudi Arabia but the company at the same time might face the difficulty in the sales and the revenue of the company. Financial projections The market of the Middle East region is selected because the company knows it very well that this region consists of many countries where the company can expand the business and can easily make the profit out of it. The market of turkey in the clothing manufacturing is reaching on a hike, if the company is looking to expand the business in turkey then the company need to invest the huge amount (Balasubramanyam, and Togan, 2016). Considering the financial requirement in the business the projected profit and loss statement, balance sheet and cash flow is given below:- Johnson Martin Ltd. Profit Loss Statement Amount ($) 2016 2017 2018 Sales $580,000 $649,600 $812,000 Miscellaneous income $0 $64,960 $81,200 A. Total $580,000 $714,560 $893,200 B. Cost of Sales $377,000 $357,280 $446,600 C. Gross Profit (A-B) $203,000 $357,280 $446,600 D. Operating Expenses Salary $100,000 $105,000 $110,250 Rent $12,000 $12,600 $13,230 Utilities $1,000 $1,050 $1,103 Insurance $500 $525 $551 Depreciation $35,000 $36,750 $38,588 Marketing $10,000 $10,500 $11,025 Maintenance Repairs $5,000 $5,250 $5,513 Other $2,500 $2,625 $2,756 Total $166,000 $174,300 $183,015 Operating profit $37,000 $182,980 $263,585 Less: Interest $20,000 $17,500 $15,000 Profit before tax $17,000 $165,480 $248,585 Less: Tax @ 30% $5,100 $49,644 $74,576 Net Profit AT $11,900 $115,836 $174,010 Johnson Martin Ltd. Balance Sheet Amount ($) Assets 2016 2017 2018 Current $50,000 $60,000 $72,000 Fixed $350,000 $350,000 $350,000 Other assets $140,000 $100,000 $100,000 Total Assets $540,000 $510,000 $522,000 Liabilities Non-Current (Borrowings) $400,000 $350,000 $300,000 Total Liabilities $400,000 $350,000 $300,000 Equity $140,000 $160,000 $222,000 Total Liabilities Equity $540,000 $510,000 $522,000 Johnson Martin Ltd. Cash Flow Statement Amount ($) 2016 2017 2018 Cash Flow from Operating Activities Cash sales 174,000.00 194,880.00 243,600.00 Realization from Debtors 203,000.00 430,360.00 511,560.00 Payment to Creditors - - - Expenses paid (289,800.00) (378,182.00) (568,148.00) Total 87,200.00 247,058.00 187,012.00 Cash Flow from Investing Activities Machinery Purchased (200,000.00) - - Equipment Purchased (150,000.00) - - Total (350,000.00) - - Cash Flow from Financing Activities Equity capital 600,000.00 - Borrowings 400,000.00 350,000.00 300,000.00 Total 1,000,000.00 350,000.00 300,000.00 Cash surplus/ deficit 737,200.00 597,058.00 487,012.00 Opening balance - 737,200.00 1,334,258.00 Closing balance 737,200.00 1,334,258.00 1,821,270.00 The analysis of the financial projection shows that if in case the company form the business in turkey then in the initial year the company might face the profit but the amount of the profit will be too less as it will take time to set the business in Turkey, in the following years the company can easily make the profit out of business. The market of Egypt is not better than turkey; the market of turkey is established market but if in case the company decides to expand the business in Egypt then a company will make the profit (Ward, 2017). The financial projection shows that the company will make the profit in the initial year and will increase more than twice in the following years. Johnson Martin Ltd. Profit Loss Statement Amount ($) 2016 2017 2018 Sales $520,000 $580,600 $650,000 Miscellaneous income $0 $60,000 $72,000 A. Total $520,000 $640,600 $722,000 B. Cost of Sales $286,000 $319,330 $422,500 C. Gross Profit (A-B) $234,000 $321,270 $299,500 D. Operating Expenses Salary $90,000 $94,500 $99,225 Rent $9,000 $9,450 $9,923 Utilities $1,500 $1,575 $1,654 Insurance $550 $578 $606 Depreciation $32,000 $33,600 $35,280 Marketing $10,000 $10,500 $11,025 Maintenance Repairs $4,500 $4,725 $4,961 Other $3,000 $3,150 $3,308 Total $150,550 $158,078 $165,981 Operating profit $83,450 $163,193 $133,519 Less: Interest $15,000 $12,500 $10,000 Profit before tax $68,450 $150,693 $123,519 Less: Tax @ 30% $20,535 $45,208 $37,056 Net Profit AT $47,915 $105,485 $86,463 Johnson Martin Ltd. Balance Sheet Amount ($) Assets 2016 2017 2018 Current $75,000 $90,000 $108,000 Fixed $250,000 $250,000 $250,000 Other assets $200,000 $175,000 $150,000 Total Assets $525,000 $515,000 $508,000 Liabilities Non-Current (Borrowings) $375,000 $350,000 $325,000 Total Liabilities $375,000 $350,000 $325,000 Equity $150,000 $165,000 $183,000 Total Liabilities Equity $525,000 $515,000 $508,000 Johnson Martin Ltd. Cash Flow Statement Amount ($) 2016 2017 2018 Cash Flow from Operating Activities Cash sales 156,000.00 174,180.00 195,000.00 Realization from Debtors 182,000.00 203,210.00 227,500.00 Payment to Creditors - - - Expenses paid (258,615.00) (337,765.75) (389,213.04) Total 79,385.00 39,624.25 33,286.96 Cash Flow from Investing Activities Machinery Purchased (200,000.00) - - Equipment Purchased (100,000.00) - - Total (300,000.00) - - Cash Flow from Financing Activities Equity capital 600,000.00 - Borrowings 375,000.00 350,000.00 325,000.00 Total 975,000.00 350,000.00 325,000.00 Cash surplus/ deficit 754,385.00 389,624.25 358,286.96 Opening balance - 754,385.00 1,144,009.25 Closing balance 754,385.00 1,144,009.25 1,502,296.21 Saudi Arabia The market of the Saudi Arabia is growing and it is also known as the developing market for clothing manufacturing companies. The company can set up their business as they will be able to make the space easily in the market. Though, the company needs to form the connection with the retailers to whom they can sell their product and make a profit out of it (Al Mallakh, and el Mallakh, 2015). At the initial year company might have to bear the loss in the business but later on, a company can earn the profit. Johnson Martin Ltd. Profit Loss Statement Amount ($) 2016 2017 2018 Sales $400,000 $550,600 $652,000 Miscellaneous income $0 $55,000 $75,000 A. Total $400,000 $605,600 $727,000 B. Cost of Sales $260,000 $357,890 $423,800 C. Gross Profit (A-B) $140,000 $247,710 $303,200 D. Operating Expenses Salary $120,000 $132,000 $145,200 Rent $12,000 $13,200 $14,520 Utilities $2,000 $2,200 $2,420 Insurance $500 $550 $605 Depreciation $30,000 $33,000 $36,300 Marketing $12,000 $13,200 $14,520 Maintenance Repairs $6,000 $6,600 $7,260 Other $2,500 $2,750 $3,025 Total $185,000 $203,500 $223,850 Operating profit -$45,000 $44,210 $79,350 Less: Interest $20,000 $17,500 $15,000 Profit before tax -$65,000 $26,710 $64,350 Less: Tax @ 25% -$16,250 $6,678 $16,088 Net Profit AT -$48,750 $20,033 $48,263 Johnson Martin Ltd. Balance Sheet Amount ($) Assets 2016 2017 2018 Current $90,000 $108,000 $129,600 Fixed $300,000 $300,000 $300,000 Other assets $150,000 $125,000 $125,000 Total Assets $540,000 $533,000 $554,600 Liabilities Non-Current (Borrowings) $375,000 $350,000 $325,000 Total Liabilities $375,000 $350,000 $325,000 Equity $165,000 $183,000 $229,600 Total Liabilities Equity $540,000 $533,000 $554,600 Cash Flow Statement Amount ($) 2016 2017 2018 Cash Flow from Operating Activities Cash sales 120,000.00 165,180.00 195,600.00 Realization from Debtors 140,000.00 192,710.00 228,200.00 Payment to Creditors - - - Expenses paid (150,500.00) (281,470.00) (352,205.00) Total 109,500.00 76,420.00 71,595.00 Cash Flow from Investing Activities Machinery Purchased (250,000.00) - - Equipment Purchased (100,000.00) - - Total (350,000.00) - - Cash Flow from Financing Activities Equity capital 600,000.00 - Borrowings 375,000.00 350,000.00 325,000.00 Total 975,000.00 350,000.00 325,000.00 Cash surplus/ deficit 734,500.00 426,420.00 396,595.00 Opening balance - 734,500.00 1,160,920.00 Closing balance 734,500.00 1,160,920.00 1,557,515.00 Identification of resources required and financing In the business, there is a need for the resources considering and these resources requirements vary from country to country. Resource Requirements Resource Amount ($) Stores and Supplies 50,000.00 Machinery 200,000.00 Equipments 150,000.00 Labor (30 workers*$3,000) 90,000.00 Office Staff (10 officials*$10,000) 100,000.00 Working capital 410,000.00 Total 1,000,000.00 Saudi Arabia Resource Requirements Resource Amount ($) Stores and Supplies 50,000.00 Machinery 250,000.00 Equipments 100,000.00 Labor (30 workers*$3,000) 90,000.00 Office Staff (10 officials*$10,000) 100,000.00 Working capital 410,000.00 Total 1,000,000.00 Once the Resource Requirements will be identified by the company then the company will think for financing the resources (NAGARIA, 2016). The company makes use of different sources for financing the capital. The below table shows the sources of capital:- Capital Requirement and Sources of Capital 1,000,000.00 Equity Common stock 600000$ Debt Loan from bank 300000$ Cash Credit 100000$ Identification of material risk and mitigation The company might face many risks like changes in the prices of the raw material or the equipments which is required to the company on daily basis. This might create the challenge in front of the company so that the company will not be able to provide the product at the same prices. The company should mitigate the risk by keeping the appropriate prices so that later on they dont have to make changes in the prices (Knechel, and Salterio, 2016). If in case the company bring changes in the prices there will be an indirect impact on the reputation of the company. Recommendation It is recommended to the company to enter the Turkey market first; the reason being turkey is one of the leading markets in clothing manufacturing. The company can form the alliance which is going to help while setting the stable business. Each and every company select a mode of entry while entering into Turkey. It is recommended to select Joint venture as the mode of entry. Joint venture refers to as the formation of the alliances with the company to run the business. The JM should form the alliances with the company who is already registered in Turkey so that company can get the support while conducting the working activities. The company can take the benefits of the joint venture in which both the companies share the capital, risks and the profit and losses. Being in a joint venture, JM Company will get to know about the retailers with whom they can perform the business deals. This helps the company in the formation of the network and links. Furthermore, these networks help the co mpany to expand the business in the other Middle East regions. Conclusion The report talks about the opportunities in the Middle Eastern region. The JM top management has decided to expand the business in the potential markets such as Turkey, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia. The identification of the market along with the mode of entry is essential to expand the business. The report shows the target market, market, and the competitors analysis. Considering the same, the company can make the marketing strategies. The financial projection of the company in each of the country is discussed which helps in understanding the opportunity for the profit. Furthermore, identification of the resources and their financing is discussed and the recommendation is stated. References Aiama, D., Carbone, G., Cator, D. and Challender, D., 2016. Biodiversity risks and opportunities in the apparel sector.International Union for Conservation of Nature: Gland, Switzerland. Al Mallakh, R. and el Mallakh, R., 2015.Saudi Arabia: Rush to Development (RLE Economy of Middle East): Profile of an Energy Economy and Investment(Vol. 28). Routledge. Al-Hassan, F., 2013 August 23rd, Saudi chambers welcome plans to revitalize fashion industry, Arab News, Viewed on 20th November 2017, https://www.arabnews.com/news/462189 Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S. and Kotler, P., 2014.Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. Balasubramanyam, V. and Togan, S. eds., 2016.Turkey and Central and Eastern European Countries in Transition: Towards Membership of the EU. Springer. Barquet, A.P.B., de Oliveira, M.G., Amigo, C.R., Cunha, V.P. and Rozenfeld, H., 2013. Employing the business model concept to support the adoption of productservice systems (PSS).Industrial Marketing Management,42(5), pp.693-704. Brito, P.Q., Soares, C., Almeida, S., Monte, A. and Byvoet, M., 2015. Customer segmentation in a large database of an online customized fashion business.Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing,36, pp.93-100. Bureau Of Economic And Business Affairs, 2016, Turkey, Viewed on 20th November 2017, https://www.state.gov/e/eb/rls/othr/ics/2016/eur/254425.htm Fibre2Fashion, 2017, Egyptian textile industry comes under the global radar, Viewed on 20th November 2017, https://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/5465/egyptian-textile-industry-comes-under-the-global-radar?page=1 Fibre2Fashion, 2017, Turkey Textile Industry Overview, Viewed on 20th November 2017, https://www.fibre2fashion.com/market-intelligence/countryprofile/turkey-textile-industry-overview/ Hodges, N., Watchravesringkan, K., Yurchisin, J., Karpova, E., Marcketti, S., Hegland, J., Yan, R.N. and Childs, M., 2015. Women and apparel entrepreneurship: An exploration of small business challenges and strategies in three countries.International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship,7(2), pp.191-213. HORNER, R. and NADVI, K., 2017. Global value chains and the rise of the Global South: unpacking twenty?first century polycentric trade.Global Networks. Jony Moin, C., 2013. Implementation of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) for upstream management of apparel supply chain. Knechel, W.R. and Salterio, S.E., 2016.Auditing: Assurance and risk. Taylor Francis. Lu, S., 2017, WTO Reports World Textile and Apparel Trade in 2015, Viewed on 20th November 2017, https://shenglufashion.wordpress.com/2016/07/27/wto-reports-world-textile-and-apparel-trade-in-2015/ NAGARIA, M.S., 2016. Finance: A vehicle for enhancing Performance in Indian Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).Journal of Finance,2395, p.7492. Rosenau, J.A. and Wilson, D.L., 2014.Apparel merchandising: The line starts here. AC Black. Solomon, M.R., 2014.Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being(Vol. 10). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Toytari, P., Rajala, R., Nilsson-Ollandt, L. and Kernen, J., 2017, January. A Value Proposition Development Framework for Industrial Service. InProceedings of the 50th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Vadicherla, T. and Saravanan, D., 2015. Sustainable Measures Taken by Brands, Retailers, and Manufacturers. InRoadmap to Sustainable Textiles and Clothing(pp. 109-135). Springer Singapore. Ward, H., 2017.Trade Investment and the Environment. Routledge. Wilkinson, F. ed., 2013.The dynamics of labour market segmentation. Elsevier. Zawya, 2016, Egypt's textile sector weaves a better future, Viewed on 20th November 2017, https://globalconnections.hsbc.com/uae/en/articles/egypts-textile-sector Zhang, Y. and Rong-rong, X., 2016. Analysis and study of low-carbon clothing design and fashion lifestyle.Journal of Arts and Humanities,5(10), p.23.

Expense and Specific Customer Base Essay Example

Expense and Specific Customer Base Essay Anagene, Inc. Requirements (presenting team see NOTE at bottom) 1. Describe Anagene’s competitive environment, including its industry, its specific customer base, its product / customer heterogeneity, and the major concerns facing Anagene. * 2. Considering your answer to item 1, is it likely that the existing cost system may adversely and significantly affect decisions to emphasize certain products or affect profit? Why (a general answer is expected)? * 3. Using the Excel format on my. asu, complete the exercise for Youngstown. What â€Å"lessons† can be taken from this exercise? Do the â€Å"lessons† relate to Anagene? Give one example. * 4. What has caused the fluctuating margins for Anagene’s cartridges? 5. Should Kelly even be concerned with the assignment of overhead costs to cartridges and gross margins that include allocated overhead? Why not use variable contribution margin (selling price less variable costs, primarily materials) for management decision-making and reporting? 6. Refer to items 3 and items 4, what role does practical capacity, expected production, and actual production play in formulating an approach for assigning overhead? How are these matters useful to managers? Draw on text and readings for your answer. . What approach do you recommend that Daniel Yeltin adopt? Explain. For your recommended approach, what will be the cartridge product costs and margins? 8. Suppose sales in 2001 equal 26,000 unit, as in the budget constructed in January, and that actual manufacturing expenses turn out to equal budgeted expense. We will write a custom essay sample on Expense and Specific Customer Base specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Expense and Specific Customer Base specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Expense and Specific Customer Base specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Prepare an income statement for the year (just include the manufacturing expense for expense) that will help senior management and the board understand the economics of cartridge production in 2001. * Tier 1. Each team should turn-in an answer by email attachment to Joe. [emailprotected] du and his assistant (will provide email address) for these requirements by the beginning of the class in which the case is to be presented. Place the case name, your day of class, your team number, and your team members at the front of the solution. NOTE: The suggested article â€Å"Flexible Budgeting in an ABC System† shown on this week’s assignment is helpful in understanding the calculations for Youngstown (reqmt 3). It is in hard copy for week 7 is summarized in the last 8 or so slides in our Powerpoint â€Å"Planning, Control, Evaluation (PCE) 12† in your handout packet. Send questions if unclear. ne

Free Essays on Ghandi

Viglante Justice Vigilantism is viewed sign frustration with the system. This sends the messege to people that the police and courts have failed to provide security and justice. This is the reason certain people in society choose vigilantism over what is thought to be right for the people. But, these are often the same people who are in favour of democracy and try to achieve equality among all. Stopping vigilante is not easy, but i believe that films and film makers are doing little to provoke the growing popluarity by giving the idea that revenge killing is acceptable, instead of encouraging society to trust the judicial system. for Example Movies involving violent crime often position the viewer to sympathise with the victim who enacts the revenge by killing, hove the messege of it being acceptable .A Time To Kill, Sleepers and Eye For An Eye all confront the issue of revenge killing, which makes society to question the legal system and place justice solely on the individual. If we did not live in a society with other people, laws would not be needed. We would do as we want, with no respect to others. But since individuals began to live with other people laws have been the back bone of society. In Canada we have many laws effecting all aspects in life, laws in business ensure that people keep their promises and laws against criminal conduct help to protect our property and our lives. Even in a well-ordered society, people have disagreements, the law must provide a way to resolve the confrentations peacefully. Some Dictatorship governments have cruel laws, enforced by police forces free to arrest and punish people without trial. This may provide a great deal of order, but is looked upon as inhunmain form of control. The Canadian legal system respects individual rights while, at the same time, ensuring that society operates in an orderly manner. In Canada, there is the Rule of Law, which means that the law applies to ever... Free Essays on Ghandi Free Essays on Ghandi Gandhi knew the path. It was straight and narrow. Gandhi believed that from his weakness he failed a thousand times, but he would not lose faith. His soul refused to be satisfied so long as it is a helpless witness of a single wrong or a single misery (Brown 3). But it was not possible for him, a weak, frail being, to mend every wrong or to hold himself free of blame for all the wrong that he saw. The spirit in him pulled one way, the flesh in him pulled in the opposite direction. There was freedom from the action of these two forces, but that freedom was attainable only by slow and painful stages. Gandhi could not attain freedom by a mechanical refusal to act, but only by intelligent action in a detached manner (Brown 11). This struggle resolves itself into an incessant crucifixion of the flesh so that the spirit may become entirely free (Brown 15). Gandhi was a seeker of truth. He claimed to have found a way to it. He claimed to be making a ceaseless effort to find it. Gandhi admitted that he had not yet found it. To find truth completely is to realize oneself and one's destiny, that is, to become perfect. He was painfully conscious of his imperfection, which is where his strength lied, because it was a rare thing for a man to know his own limitations (Brown 34). Gandhi’s trust was solely in God. He only trusted men because he trusted God. If he had no God to rely upon, he would trust no man (Attenborough 3). Gandhi would not be a traitor to God to please the whole world. He felt that whatever striking things he had done in his life, he had not done prompted by reason but prompted by instinct and trust in God (Attenborough 20). Gandhi was a man of faith. His reliance was solely on God. Gandhi stated, â€Å"One step is enough for me. The next step He will make clear to me when the time for it comes.† (Attenbor ough 55) Gandhi felt there was an indefinable mysterious power that pervaded everything. He could feel it, though he ... Free Essays on Ghandi A number of changes in Ghandi’s personal life soon impacted his growing celebrity. The first was his achievement of Brahmacharya, or the voluntary abstention from sexual relations. This was not an uncommon Hindu practice among men in their forties and fifties, who gradually cease sexual activity once they have had enough children to satisfy the demands of custom, family and caste, but Ghandi adopted the practice between 1901 and 1906, when he was in his thirties. He seems to have regarded it as part of his quest for selflessness and restraint in all aspects of life; in his writings, he suggests that as a young man he succumbed too easily to lust, and recounts how he failed to be with his father when he died because he was making live to his wife, a lapse of duty for which he never forgave himself. Whether or not Ghandi’s decision was based on pure principle, amateur psychologists have speculated exhaustively about alternative motives. Suffice it so say that from 19 06 onward, with Kasturbai’s consent ( she was physically frail at this point, and may have welcomed his decision), Ghandi was almost entirely celibate. At the same time, Ghandi read for the first time John Ruskin’s book, Unto This Last, which maintained that the life of labor, that is of work done with the hands, rather than machines, was superior to all other ways of living. Ghandi was convinced by the argument, and he considered this new idea the final piece to his personal philosophy. He quickly applied Ruskins’s belief to his personal life, abandoning Western dress and habits, and moving his family and staff to a farm in the Transvaal that he called the Phoenix Settlement. There, he strove to live the life that Ruskin’s book urged. After some time, he even gave renounced the use of an oil powered engine and printed Indian Opinion by handwheel. From that point on, he conceived of his political work not in terms of a modernization of India, but as a... Free Essays on Ghandi Viglante Justice Vigilantism is viewed sign frustration with the system. This sends the messege to people that the police and courts have failed to provide security and justice. This is the reason certain people in society choose vigilantism over what is thought to be right for the people. But, these are often the same people who are in favour of democracy and try to achieve equality among all. Stopping vigilante is not easy, but i believe that films and film makers are doing little to provoke the growing popluarity by giving the idea that revenge killing is acceptable, instead of encouraging society to trust the judicial system. for Example Movies involving violent crime often position the viewer to sympathise with the victim who enacts the revenge by killing, hove the messege of it being acceptable .A Time To Kill, Sleepers and Eye For An Eye all confront the issue of revenge killing, which makes society to question the legal system and place justice solely on the individual. If we did not live in a society with other people, laws would not be needed. We would do as we want, with no respect to others. But since individuals began to live with other people laws have been the back bone of society. In Canada we have many laws effecting all aspects in life, laws in business ensure that people keep their promises and laws against criminal conduct help to protect our property and our lives. Even in a well-ordered society, people have disagreements, the law must provide a way to resolve the confrentations peacefully. Some Dictatorship governments have cruel laws, enforced by police forces free to arrest and punish people without trial. This may provide a great deal of order, but is looked upon as inhunmain form of control. The Canadian legal system respects individual rights while, at the same time, ensuring that society operates in an orderly manner. In Canada, there is the Rule of Law, which means that the law applies to ever... Free Essays on Ghandi Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born in the town of Porbander in the state of what is now Gujarat on 2 October 1869. He had his schooling in nearby Rajkot, where his father served as the adviser or prime minister to the local ruler. Though India was then under British rule, over 500 kingdoms, principalities, and states were allowed autonomy in domestic and internal affairs: these were the so-called 'native states'. Rajkot was one such state. Gandhi later recorded the early years of his life in his extraordinary autobiography, The Story of My Experiments with Truth. His father died before Gandhi could finish his schooling, and at thirteen he was married to Kasturba [or Kasturbai], who was even younger. In 1888 Gandhi set sail for England, where he had decided to pursue a degree in law. Though his elders objected, Gandhi could not be prevented from leaving; and it is said that his mother, a devout woman, made him promise that he would keep away from wine, women, and meat during his stay abroad. Gandhi left behind his son Harilal, then a few months old. In London, Gandhi encountered theosophists, vegetarians, and others who were disenchanted not only with industrialism, but with the legacy of Enlightenment thought. They themselves represented the fringe elements of English society. Gandhi was powerfully attracted to them, as he was to the texts of the major religious traditions; and ironically it is in London that he was introduced to the Bhagavad Gita. Here, too, Gandhi showed determination and single-minded pursuit of his purpose, and accomplished his objective of finishing his degree from the Inner Temple. He was called to the bar in 1891, and even enrolled in the High Court of London; but later that year he left for India. After one year of a none too successful law practice, Gandhi decided to accept an offer from an Indian businessman in South Africa, Dada Abdulla, to join him as a legal adviser. Unbeknown to...

STRATEGY, ETHICS, AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Coursework

STRATEGY, ETHICS, AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY - Coursework Example Besides factual issues, there are conceptual issues for instance the aspect of competition that posed a threat to Peerless Company. There was a need to improve on products as well as come up with strategies that will seek to earn the company a competitive advantage. The management structure is also an issue as people are elected on the basis of friendship rather than on qualifications. This will eventually affect the company as it will discourage investors from putting their investments in Peerless because of the company’s instability. There are some ethical in this case where Ludwig is a dilemma on whether to close down Peerless Company to save the town reputation or make attempts to restore the company. Closing down Peerless will render many jobless as most of them depend on the company for their livelihood. Ludwig knows that closing the Peerless Company may impress certain individual at the expense of people’s jobs and this may lead to increase in crime cases and other vices. The main stakeholders are the customers, the directors as well as the employees of the company. Suppliers of the raw materials are also stakeholders as their actions directly affect the operations of the company. Peerless should realize that their decisions directly affect the lives of the people in their surroundings. For instance closing down Peerless will render the town poor and its citizens jobless. Ludwig and his team need to understand that they have an obligation to ensure that they improve the lives of Blair’s citizens. They should understand the needs of people and make decisions that benefit their town. The management should also be enhanced to ensure that only people who are employed are suitable for jobs and that quality is maintained by all means. Peerless should also communicate to its key stakeholders on changes that are likely to take place and on decisions on the way forward. Baxteris right to some extend by saying that it would be selfish for Ludwig

Review of CTS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Review of CTS - Assignment Example The universe of knowledge relies completely on competence and visions of the seeker that is why the state of production, reproduction or spreading of knowledge is in constant state of unrest and instability. (Milward, 2009) In the beginning Andrew provided us with the insight of university’s true meaning in diverse nations, during different eras. Differing in its Prestige, from a provider for social elite’s acculturate to a part of aristocratic culture of Rome and Greece, thus underlining the history of education as combination of social stature and contemplation. The initiative of university as a symbol of power or privilege, hidden its true ideology of universalism. As evidence the author provides us with the insight to see what the word Schole depicts, it is Greek for leisure or free time, providing the evidence for education’s aristocratic origin. He defines the position of university as a two edged sword. Where its usefulness or ideologies depends on the one who is holding its material sources, either making it a registered institution of truth, wisdom, science, excelled legitimacy and independence or a mere means of production of controlled thoughts.(Millward,2006).A system t hat turns the student into client’s or customers and classroom into mass production factories. it was not until mid of the 12th century the university assumed the form of an autonomously oriented institution. The word university was coined in middle ages (Universitas) where as studium generale was the initial term being used for Paris, Bologna Oxford etc. The distinction between these terms also highlights’ the difference between teaching and scholarship/research. However, the fundamental knowledge server role of university did not change over time. The fastidious indication of this role changed dramatically such as teaching is a dissemination of knowledge, to which students respond in conventional manner. But today’s plug and play generation wants to switch this

The study of organized crime United States of America vs. Afghanistan Essay

The study of organized crime United States of America vs. Afghanistan - Essay Example Towards the end of 2005, the Convention Against Corruption entered into force and its' goal inter alia is to prevent organized crime. The World Bank estimated in 2005 that over $1 trillion is paid in bribes each year to corrupt government officials. The impact is significant. Initially, corruption facilitates drug trafficking, organized crime, money laundering and illicit international money transfers, which can be used to support mechanisms for international terrorists. But the toll on an impoverished nation is even more devastating and real. Against that backdrop, this paper will attempt to define organized crime in the United States, explore its' genesis and discuss the impact of organized crime in the United States. Next this paper will discuss the origins of organized crime in Afghanistan and the Middle East, define the parameters and establish the nexus of organized crime between the United States and the Middle East.Definition of Organized Crime: The American Heritage Dictiona ry defines organized crime. "1. Widespread criminal activities, such as prostitution, interstate theft, or illegal gambling, that occur within centrally controlled formal structure. 2. The people and the groups involved in such criminal activities."Kelly (1994) states "Organized crime" is more than a specific type of "crime," much like a "violent crime" is a subset of all crimes. For example, one can talk about a violent crime and describe a particular incident to others; if the incident's description fits the legal definition of the crime and includes violent acts as a part of its commission, then we understand the incident to be a violent crime. But one cannot talk about "an organized crime" in the same manner, because society and the law does not conceive of "an organized crime" as a similar subset of all crimes; rather, American law has labeled a crime fitting into the category "organized crime" by virtue of other factors, such as inter alia, whether the person committing the cr ime is affiliated with a criminal enterprise and the description of the circumstances surrounding the crime. Kelly, R (1994). Handbook of Organized Crime In the United States. Philadelphia, PA.: Greenwood Press. 5 Organized Crime USA vs. Afghanistan History and Historiography of Organized Crime in USA: Murry Kempton criticized people, whom he called good citizens, for always insisting that [organized] crime is 'un-American' activity, as the Mafia was also taken as un-American concept. (The New York Reviews of Books; 9 April 1992). 'The orthodox model states that organized crime's crucial history is the rise of Italian American organized crime.'. This paper also tries to establish that organized crime, notwithstanding the fact of multicultural facets of it, has indigenous roots too. Alan A. Block

Using Punctuation in English Language

Using Punctuation in English Language The word ‘Punctuation’ has come from Latin word ‘punctum’ which means ‘a point’. It is the right use of symbols for pauses or stops in writing. We understand and communicate better with use of punctuations. The list below gives the punctuation symbols used in English language. 1 capitalization The bird sang. 7 exclamation mark [!] 2 full stop [.] 8 apostrophe [] 3 comma [,] 9 hyphen [-] 4 semicolon [;] 10 inverted commas- single [ ] 5 colon [:] 11 inverted commas- double [ ] 6 question mark [?] 12 brackets ( ) Capital letter A sentence begins with a capital letter. Example; They want some water. Proper nouns also begin with capital letters. Example; Sunil Chhetri, Anamika, Kanpur The pronoun ‘I’ is always capital. Certain words are always capitalized. For example; God, The Bible, The Bhagwat Gita Period or full stop It is used at the end of an assertive or imperative sentence. This is Anandi Joshi. (assertive) Do a project report about her. (imperative) After abbreviations and initials. M.A.N.C.CP.M (Prime Minister) Dec. (December) 2011 A.D. 8 p.m. The Comma(,)It indicates the shortest pause. It is used to ; separate three or more words of the same part of speech Madhu stuck the beads, shells and sand on the project paper. (nouns) Sunita sorted, washed, dried and pickled the mangoes. (verbs) mark off phrases in apposition (two words or phrases, referring to the same thing, placed in a sentence without any connecting word, is known as an ‘apposition’.) The Emblem of India, the adaptation of Asoka’s Lion Capital has the motto ‘Satyameva Jayate’. Kerala, the land of coconut trees, is a state in South India. separate each pair of words connected by conjunctions and to separate words or group of words in a sentence. Are mother and aunt, visiting her friend or will they join us for the movie? address a person or when sentence starts with ‘yes’ or ‘no’. Vishaka, please come here.Yes, I shall come in a minute. Semicolon (;) It indicates a longer pause than the comma. It is usually followed by conjunctions like ‘and’, ‘but’, ‘or’. It is used to: to separate many groups of words of a sentence, when they contain a comma Girish, come and lift this; and then you can go and sit with uncle. Renu promised to make some ladoos; but she had to leave suddenly. to separate units of a series when the series contain commas Vittal is from Paithan, Maharastra; Vani from Kadappa, Andhra Pradesh; whereas Bondi is from Dispur, Assam. To reduce or narrow the gap between two thoughts or closely linked sentences I paid the bill on time; I expect all services to resume with immediate effect. The unit was ready; with shining swords; waiting for a signal from their commander. Colon (:) The colon indicates a longer pause than the semicolon. It is used to; To introduce an explanation, or statement The main idea was this: to first make them fill the forms, then pay the fees and collect the materials. To introduce a quotation The leader said: ‘We must stand united and negotiate.’ To introduce a list Children, bring the following things for tomorrow’s assignment: A4 size paper, pictures of wild animals, glue, craft paper, crayons. The Interrogation mark or the Question mark (?) It is used after a question Little bird, do you want some grains to eat? Where is your nest? The question mark is not used after an indirect question, or polite request or submission. We requested the manager for another room. The clerk asked if I wanted to meet the manager. The Exclamation mark (!) It is used after exclamatory words, phrases or sentences expressing sudden emotions or wish. Hurrah! We won.b. It’s a shame! He Cheated!c. Marvelous! I got an A+. Apostrophe (’) The apostrophe comma is used sometimes with s as ‘s to make possessive nouns (something belongs to someone) Jane’s coat Mansi’s house the cat’s dish the milkmaid’s pail to show that a letter(s) is/are missing, when the word is made shorter.Only ( ‘) is used. We’re travelling in Jahan’s car. It’s a ‘ 90 (1990) Maruti 800. Hyphen (-) It is used in compound words apple-piebullock-cart sweet-toothsugar-free To indicate break-up of words, prefix and suffix inter-citypre-planex-ministerdis-couragemis-spelt Inverted commas- single (‘ ’) Single quotes or single inverted commas are used to; indicate the title of books, poems, stories etc. and to draw attention to a word. ‘The Alchemist’ is written by Paulo Coelho. ‘a’ is an indefinite article. indicate a quotation within a quotation. The man said, â€Å"I would like to know, ‘where is Mr.Diwan now’?† â€Å"She always tells me, ‘do this, do that’ and continues to knit!† exclaimed Bunny indicate direct thoughts in a story, thought, dreams. The lady thought, ‘Let me bargain and get a better deal,’ and spoke to the salesman. Inverted commas- double (â€Å" †) Double quotes or double inverted commas are used to indicate quotationin a sentence. It shows the exact words of the speaker. It is used in direct speech. â€Å"We are closed from 1 pm to 2 pm for lunch†, said the woman. American civil rights activistMartin Luther King, Jr.gave the famous speech I Have a Dream. Parentheses / Brackets [ { ( ) } ] These are widely used to give additional details, to refer to previous sentences, objects, names, abbreviations, to link other parts of a chapter or book. If only few words, phrases are used inside brackets, then we need not punctuate inside the brackets. For example; Anita (my eldest sister) and my aunt (from Goa) where selecting our dresses. Exercise 1; Punctuate where necessary he wants to give up the habit of biting his nails however he is facing some difficulties ______________________________________________________________________ oh god please make me handsome rich and happy said mannu god replied I can make you handsome and rich but happiness is a state of mind ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ i please get us three sandwiches four plates of pav bhaji and six banana milkshakes said gaurav to the waitress yes sir will you pay cash or through credit card said the lady ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ my brother the younger one and our neighbour the doctor are going to be partners for the chess competition they are representing our society club ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ daddy said I am going to drop mr seth at the railway station mukesh informed his mother ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ isnt that vera standing by the telephone booth why didnt she come for the debate ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ idli chutney masala dosa or medu vada from the simply south stall dhokla surti undhio kachchori from the gujarat green stall missal pav vada pav thalipeet from the me marathi stall delicious so yummy oh what shall i eat im so confused sighed mukesh â€Å"Idli-chutney, masala-dosa or medu-vada from the Simply South stall; dhokla, surti-undhio, kachchori from the Gujarat Green Stall; missal-pav, vada-pav, thalipeet from the Me Marathi Stall! Delicious! So yummy! Oh what shall I eat? I’m so confused!† sighed Mukesh._____________________________

Symbols and Symbolism in The Great Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays

Symbolism in The Great Gatsby  Ã‚   In The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald presents a novel with intricate symbolism. Fitzgerald integrates symbolism into the heart of the novel so strongly that it is necessary to read the book several times to gain any level of understanding. The overtones and connotations that Fitzgerald gives to the dialogues, settings, and actions is a major reason why The Great Gatsby is one of the classics of the 20th century. Three themes dominate the text of The Great Gatsby. They are time / loss, appearance / mutability, and perspective. Most of the novel's thematic structure falls neatly into one of these categories. In order to satisfactorily understand the novel, we must examine the roles of these three themes. The word time appears 450 times in the novel either by itself or in a compound word. Fitzgerald obviously wanted to emphasize the importance of time to the overall design of the book. Time is most important to Gatsby's character. Gatsby's relationship with time is a major aspect to the plot. He wants to erase five years from not only his own life but also Daisy's. Gatsby's response to Nick, telling him that he can repeat the past, is symbolic of the tragic irony that is behind Gatsby's fate. Gatsby exclaims on page 116, "Can't repeat the past? Why of course you can!" Gatsby cannot accept Daisy until she erases the last three years of her life by telling Tom that she never loved him to his face. Gatsby fully believes what he says and thinks (or desperately hopes) that that is true about Daisy. At one part of the story he actually tells Nick how, as soon as Tom is out of the picture, he and Daisy were going to go to Memphis so they could get married at her white house just like it were five years before hand. In another scene, when Gatsby and Nick go to the Buchanans' for lunch towards the end of the book, Gatsby sees Daisy's and Tom's child for the first time. Nick describes Gatsby's expression as one of genuine surprise and suggests that Gatsby probably never before believed in the girl's existence. Gatsby is so caught up in his dream that he becomes vulnerable to the world's brutal reality. Fitzgerald masterfully creates a time symbolism in the scene when Daisy and Gatsby meet for the first time in five years.

Business Environment. Understanding the Organisational Purposes of Business

Introduction In this assignment I am going to identify the purposes of different types of organisations, describe the extent to which an organisation meets the objectives of different stakeholders and explain the responsibilities of an organisation and strategies employed to meet them. I am also going to give examples based on my own personal experience. Identify the purposes of different types of organisation Business organisations can be divided mainly into two sectors. The private sector, which is formed by sole traders, partnerships, companies and franchises. The sole trader is the most popular form of business ownership. This kind of business is managed by only one individual who puts all of his savings and his time into making it a success. He is his own boss but it also has a negative aspect which is that he has to deal with a lot of responsibilities. For example window cleaning, plumbing. Partnerships can have between two and twenty partners. There can be exceptions for some forms of partnerships such as big accountancy firms whose partners also enjoy limited liability. This means that they can only loose the amount of money that they have invested even if the business goes bankrupt. E. g. vets, solicitors. Companies are owned by shareholders who choose Directors to give direction to the business. The Chief Executive has the responsibility of making the most important decisions. Specialist Managers will be appointed to run the company on behalf of the Board. Shareholders put funds into the company by buying shares. Every company must register with the Registrar of Companies, and must have an official address. Private companies have Ltd after their name. They are normally smaller than public companies. Shares in a private company can only be bought and sold with permission of the Board of Directors. Franchises are businesses in which someone gets formal permission given by a company to sell its goods or services in a particular area. The business policies have to be the same in every establishment. The franchise pays a sum of money as capital and the franchisor is responsible of the equipment. The first one must buy a certain amount of supplies from the econd in order to make sure that the quality of the product is the same as the original. This together with a percentage of the profits of the business goes to the franchisor. The advantages of Franchises are that they have a well-known name. For example McDonalds. The main aim of all of these private organisations is to make a profit. Other goals consist on having a good customer service, gaining a good reputation, offering quality product s, etc. Even when they do charity events these organisations earn a profit on the long run because of the positive publicity they obtain. This will make them increase their number of customers and make them look more competitive towards their rivals. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and businesses that are owned by government. A Public Limited Company has its shares traded on the Stock Exchange, which can make it win a large sum of money in a very short period of time. On the contrary the original shareholders could lose the control of the business if large quantities of shares are bought as part of a takeover. To create a Public Limited Company the directors must apply to the Stock Exchange Council, which will check the accounts. Non- Profit organisations receive donations or funds from groups or governments. All the money they earn from selling goods, which have usually been donated by the public, goes straight back into the organisation to improve the quality of their service. The aim of the public sector is not to generate a profit but also not to waste money just to generate enough to be able to continue with their community services. Describe the extent to which an organisation meets the objectives of different stakeholders A stakeholder is a person, group or organisation that has a direct or indirect stake in an organisation because it can affect or be affected by the organisations actions, objectives and policies. The following are different types of stakeholders which you could find in the private sector. Owners or shareholders who want the business to be a success because they have invested their own capital and expect to gain a profit out of it. An organisation has legal and moral obligations to its owners being the most important one to try and ensure that they receive an adequate return on their investment. Employees are a vital part of any organisation. In order for a business to succeed it needs to offer a nice working atmosphere and pay good wages to their employees to keep them motivated at the workplace. One way to achieve this is by implanting performance related bonuses which are usually related to the success of the business as a whole. In this case both parties will be satisfied with the end result. Unions. Their goal is to better the employees work conditions by trying to increase wages and secure jobs. Managers usually have a fluent verbal communication with the union’s spokesperson to avoid any conflicts that could occur if their demands are not materialised even if not completely in some way. Customers. A business has to know how to fulfil their customers’ needs which includes offering quality products at a reasonable price, that the goods they have gone to purchase are available because otherwise they will go to the competition to get them and that they receive good customer care. All of these factors will make the organisation have a fixed clientele because they will come back if the experience has been good and it will also make it gain customers thanks to the word of mouth recommendations. All of the above are primary stakeholders as they have some direct interest or stake in the organisation. Secondary stakeholders are public or special interest groups that do not have a direct stake in the organisation but are still affected by its operations. Some examples could be the local, state, and federal government, trade and industry groups, media, competitors, etc. Explain the responsibilities of an organisation and strategies employed to meet them Organisations not only have moral and ethical responsibilities towards a range of stakeholders but also towards the wider community. The term Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) refers to the responsibilities that modern business organisations have to create a healthy and prosperous society. They also have legal responsibilities which include consumer and product laws, environment laws and employment laws. These laws obligate the organisation to create new jobs, reduce contamination by for example using plastic bags that can be recycled, etc. nd at the same time they are doing something good for the community. Corporate Social Responsibility involves making sure that the organisations goods and services meet the customers’ demands and are provided in a fair way and also that they are involved in relevant sponsorship and humanitarian activities to help social development. Normally there are e ight main types of strategies in which an organisation can be involved with at any time: Growth involves the expansion of a business, its markets, products, size, etc. For an organisation to grow it needs to find up and coming markets where they will be able to make a profit. Stability involves a consolidation strategy for the organisation. There must be set guidelines so that the business can keep on working efficiently even if changes occur. Profitability. Gaining a profit is essential for nearly every organisation especially for the private sector where shareholders have a lot of influence. Efficiency consists on using the means the organisation has in the right way. It is an important strategy for public sector service organisations to demonstrate that the taxpayer’s money has been used properly. Market leadership strategies are about being the best in your market. The market leader can obtain cheaper stock because they buy larger amounts of it. Survival. In such a competitive business environment survival is the key to be able to continue advancing. Merger and acquisition makes the organisations benefit from the advantages of integration by for example gaining new customers. Globalisation strategies involve expanding internationally to countries where normally the cost of production is lower and this will make them gain a larger profit. Based on my personal experience in the private sector in which I have worked for McDonalds and for El Corte Ingles I have observed several differences. On the one hand, McDonalds which is a franchise, pays the minimum wage and their clientele is formed by the working class. On the other hand, El Corte Ingles, which is the first distribution group of Spain in the sales volume sector and is formed by eighty department stores all over the Spanish territory. The wages are higher than in McDonalds and the products they offer are usually select. For this reason customers range from middle to upper class. Both are commercial organisations which means that their income must be bigger than their expenses. Conclusion In conclusion I have learnt that for an organisation to be successful it needs to adapt to the current situation and has to develop new strategies to be able to compete with rivals. Offering quality products at a reasonable price will make customers buy more which will activate the economy and the organisation will still gain a profit. References The Times 100 Business case studies. Revision theory – Strategy theory. www. businesscasestudies. co. uk VCE IT Lecture Notes – Organisational goals. www. vceit. com :

The Spirit of the Renaissance essays

The Spirit of the Renaissance essays The Renaissance was a period in history when many different ideas from all across Europe came together in a gigantic reaction to the Dark Ages. A major part of this revolutionary movement is art. Society in Europe, during the Renaissance Period was controlled by the church. This belief at this time was that the one common person could not know God personally and the priest would act as a mediator between God and the people. The Catholic Church had taught for so long that man was a sinner and there was nothing that could be done about it. The Renaissance introduced the philosophy that man could be perfected through deeds by acting like Christ. The idea of religion was not abandoned during this period; it was simply mixed with ideas of humanism ( Hinkleman 288). During the Renaissance, artists were no longer regarded as mere artisans, as they were in the Medieval times. For the first time the artists along with poets and others emerged as creative personalities (Hayes 28). This began to express their ideas, and though the art still remained religious in nature, they contributed many of their own influences and individual style. Art went through many drastic changes and was influenced by many great and famous artists (Aston 129) The Renaissance is known as one of the greatest artistic periods in all of history. These late middle ages witnessed great achievements in fine arts especially in painting, sculptures and architecture. The art of this period, although largely religious in natures was no longer commissioned by the church, and by the 15th century, art was being notably influenced by contemporary humanism. Before the Renaissance there was no attempt to show depth, movement or form in art. Painters began to grapple with problems of perspective and space, always looking for a more realistic view of objects and especially human form. Perspectives were on ...

History of Company Renault

History of Company Renault Introduction Renault, a motor vehicle manufacturing company was founded in 1898. The headquarters of the company is in Boulogne-Billancourt, France. It operates in 118 countries and provides employment for approximately130, 000 people. The production output of the company in 2010 was 3,195,810.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on History of Company Renault specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The French automaker produces cars, vans and makes the third largest automaker in the world owing to its alliance with Nissan. The company contributes significantly in the electric car manufacture industry being one of the major manufacturers among leading companies. The company has extensive associations and owns Automobile Dacia a Romanian automobile manufacture and Renault Samsung a Korean company (Taylor, 2010). The company has a long history of car manufacturing and gourmet creativity since it was founded by Louis Renault, Marcel and Ferdinand who were brothers. The unity of the family and dedication of the brothers produced the company which has been sustained to date by family loyalty and contribution. The business acumen of Marcel and Ferdinand acquired from running their fathers textile firm made the young aspiring engineer’s designs a reality. The world in the recent past has been engaged in extensive measures to sustain the environment by reducing pollution. All manufacturers are required to utilize environmental friendly production methods and at the same time ensure that their products are also designed to minimize environmental pollution. Renault Company has been involved extensively in this effort by having elaborate sustainability criteria. Sustainability criteria The advent of technology and rising number of industries all the world has culminated into worldwide concern on sustainability. The future generations face a risk of living in a world that is highly polluted and inhabitable.Advert ising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this light, industries all over the world are required to adhere to strict environmental regulations aimed at promoting sustainability. The Renault Company is one such company that has embarked on stringent measures to ensure sustainability both in the environment and in the corporate arena. The company has taken a step in ensuring environmental sustainability through the design of its vehicles; in this effort, it has spearheaded the design of an electric vehicle. The company believes that innovation favors progress; however innovation is only beneficial if majority of people stand to gain. This line of thinking culminated in the launching of Renault eco vehicles in 2008 (Easier Cars, 2008). The vehicle adheres to strict environmental sustainability criteria from the time of manufacturing in ISO 14001 certified plants which produce le ss than 140g/km carbon dioxide emissions with 85 per cent of the vehicle’s parts recyclable at the end of its useful period (Steven, 2008). The company has embedded sustainability in the design of its vehicles to ensure road safety and environmental preservation (Automotive design-Europe, 2009). This sustainable development involves the production of safe vehicles, enlightenment of current and future drivers, providing good working conditions for the employees and environmental preservation. The company has an environmental policy that aims at reducing the risks caused by industries as well as mitigating the environmental impact caused by its vehicles in every stage of their life cycle. Furthermore, the company has implemented sustainability at innovation and design stage. The company has taken a life cycle approach in this mitigation effort. The environmental impact of each vehicle that the company produces is accounted for since the time its design is conceived to the time the vehicle is rendered unserviceable. One perfect example of this recycling approach is evident in its application on the company’s Renault Modus model. This model has utilized 18kg of recycled plastic to make components such as bumpers, dashboards and hidden vehicle parts. Environmental friendliness to ensure sustainability has been extended to countries where the Renault Company operates.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on History of Company Renault specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Embedding sustainability through design has led the company to employ over 600 employees who directly deal with safety issues daily. The vehicle’s designs are produced with utmost consideration of safety right from the early stages of design development. This quest for safety in the company does not end at the design of the vehicles rather the company is engaged in promotion of safety awareness. For instance, since 2000 the company’s safety for all programs has substantially enlightened children- the future road users on road safety. The program has also reached international audience with its deployment in over twelve countries engaging approximately 6 million youngsters. On the background of rising fuel costs and the pollution associated with exhaust gases, Renault’s designs are innovative and sustainability minded. The vehicles are economical benefiting from the company’s latest technological innovations which cut fuel consumption. The engine design is a direct petrol injection which has been downsized to smaller cubic capacity without decrease in performance. However, just optimizing the existing technological solutions on minimizing fuel consumption is enough, a fact that that the Renault company is well aware of. Therefore, the company has taken the gauntlet of sustainable mobility to a new level. The Renault company innovative designs are geared to zero emission. The electr ic vehicle is a breakaway technological innovation, which the company is set to market on a large scale (Pearson, 2009, pp3.). The Renault Company enforces sustainability through the development of three major policies namely; environmental policy, human resources policy and road safety policy. Environmental policy In the recent years the number of vehicles on our roads has been rising steadily making mobility easier. This increase is impacting on our environment negatively through greenhouse gas emission and noise pollution.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The world has been in the recent past greatly concerned with the protection of the environment by encouraging companies to embrace sustainable manufacturing procedures that have a reduced negative impact on the environment. Renault has not been left out in this noble cause as environmental protection is at the heart of the company’s commitment to sustainability. Human resource policy The Renault Company is dedicated in promoting sustainable mobility evidenced by the establishment of the Institute of Sustainable Mobility in September 2009 by Renault Foundation and ParisTech in a bid to promote sustainable mobility in the world. The academic world and Renault engineers’ joint effort is aimed at encouraging research on innovative mobility systems, particularly electric vehicles (Sean, 2008). Furthermore, the institution is dedicated to training top managers and scientists in an attempt to transportation needs while taking up challenges that are posed by sustainable mobili ty. The company has embedded sustainability through design and implementation of innovative mobility systems. The institute is carefully planned with eight school and ten laboratories dedicated to the development of sustainable designs. Logistical requirements of an electric vehicle that will be used all over the world are foreseen by the Electrical Mobility Systems laboratory. Moreover, the institute has a business model that seeks to guarantee smooth development of electric vehicles. Safety policy Road accidents claim a significant number of lives and loss of property. Many young people have been involved in road accidents particularly because they have not received proper road safety training. This is not the only cause of road carnage, some of the blame can be directed to car manufacturers who are not involved these youth education programs. The Renault Company realizes that road safety is vital ingredient to sustainable development. In this light, the company invests on safety research and development a huge amount of money in the tune of 100 million Euros. This dedication has earned the company a lot of praise as it is being regarded as the pioneer of road safety. All these efforts are geared towards sustainability through design. Sustainability opportunity The company’s large scale marketing approach is driven by the desire to ward off competition from other manufacturing companies who also produce electric cars. The company is set to launch Kangoo Express Z.E and Fluence Z.E this year (Wired News, 2010). The intended large-scale use of electric vehicles requires a smooth transition from the current mobility system, thus the company has charged the Worldwide Vision with this mandate. Finally, for the large scale project to succeed efficiency and reliability of the electric batteries is compulsory. In this light, the institute has a Battery Technology department that taken up this challenges. Renault Company has also paid attention to the training of its managers towards sustainable development by launching the Electrical Master’s diploma. This was done with the engagement of the Renault Foundation and ParisTech to present a high-level course that is open to students from all over the world. The Institute of Sustainable Mobility is also open to the companies and universities from all over the world who wish to join. The development of the company’s core values presents an opportunity to contribute to sustainable development. The company’s values revolve around respecting its employees and promoting transparency according to the company’s code of conduct. The company’s management reckons that future success is pegged on the present decisions. This commitment has ensured that the company is mindful of the future generations. The company has successfully embedded sustainability of in its company by fostering active teamwork. The Renault Company is committed in training its employees on sustain able development. This effort has led to an empowered management that has the company’s values at heart. The company’s organizational structure is tailored to ensure employee engagement and participation by having short lines of command, networking and cross-departmental initiatives (Renault, 2010). This move to engage its employees has a positive impact on productivity and sustainability. For a company dedicated to promoting sustainability it is paramount for its management to reckon that charity begins at home thus the key to success in its endeavors is by having a sustainable and reliable workforce. Benefits The Renault Company has realized numerous benefits for embedding sustainability in its designs. The company has secured its future by showing concern to the environment. A favorable environment is paramount requirement for any company which has its eyes trained on the future. All manufacturing companies must check that they do not surpass the allowed greenhouse gases emissions failure to which a hefty fine is imposed on the defaulter. The Renault Company has evaded this loophole by implementation of manufacturing procedures and vehicle designs that environmentally friendly. Secondly, the company has strengthened its workforce and built a strong team that is transparent and committed to the achievement of sustainability as well as the company’s corporate objectives. Since 1898 the company’s success has been pegged to teamwork and dedication which is the root of the company’s success. Teamwork has also set a stage for the company’s future success with employees who share in the company’s long term objectives. Embedding sustainability in the design of the vehicles has led to the acclamation of the Renault Company as a pioneer in the electric vehicle manufacture on a large scale, a fete that has made the company one of the leading automobile manufacturing companies in the world. The company is involved in var ious projects that promote social and economic well being in the local communities. For instance, the company’s involved in its Romanian Pitesti site has endowed the local community with social, economic and environmental benefits. In its Pitesti site the company engaged the local players to combat unemployment by founding the Development and Solidarity Foundation in 2000. The foundation’s objective is developing employment opportunities in the area by creating a business conducive environment. This endeavor has culminated into the setting up of over 30 companies in Pitesti-Mioveni thus providing bountiful employment opportunities and promoting the region as major reference point in Romania. Furthermore, this project has inspired the establishment of similar. Developing sustainable development is a win-win achievement for the company in the sense that the company has received praise and accolades from the world all over at the same time laying a foundation for its futu re success. References Automotive design-Europe. (2009) Automotive Design line. Web. Easier cars. (2008) Renault launches its Renault eco line of vehicles. Web. Pearson, D. (2009) Renault itching to return to the US. The Wall Street Journal. Pp. A.3-A.3. Renault. (2011) Renault Group governance. Web. Sean, O. (2008) ‘Renault bets on electric’. The Independent (UK). Web. Steven, S. (2008) ‘Renault to develop electric cars for Israel project’. Reuters.Web. Taylor, A. (2010) Around the world for Renault Nissan. Web. Wired News. (2010) Renault’s Fluence Z.E. headed for a better place. Web.