To Kill a Mockingbird Review

Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird is regarded as one of the great pieces of literature of its time. It is universally respected because the author uses the common experience of growing up, through the eyes of his narrator Scout, to speak about intense topics such as racism, injustice, and prejudice in the Southern United States in the 1930’s. Atticus Finch states during the story, â€Å"you never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view†¦ until you climb into his skin and walk around in it. Harper Lee helps us understand the issues that matter to him in To Kill a Mockingbird using the universal experience of growing up through the eyes and skin of a child, the main character and narrator, Scout Finch. In the beginning, Scout has a great deal of respect for her father, Atticus. Although, she has a tremendous amount of respect for him, her attitude toward him is self-centered and childish. She feels that he is an old man and canâ €™t do very much. After the trial of Tom Robinson however, Scout sees her father put himself in a very dangerous position, risking his life to fight for what he believes is right by defending an innocent black man in the racist south. Her father teaches her, â€Å"In our courts, when it’s a white man’s word against a black man, the white man always wins. They’re ugly, but those are the facts of life. † Through this experience, Scout gains more respect for her father and realizes the sometimes harsh realities of the world she is living in, that life isn’t all childish games. She sees that her father is a hardworking man with good morals, who does the right thing even if it’s hard and dangerous. In this way, we witness her point of view growing up. It is obvious in the first couple of chapters that Scout has very little patience for everyone and can lose her temper in an instant. For this reason, when people (mainly children) make her mad even just a little, that she gets in plenty of fights with them and ends up getting in trouble. However, during an afternoon at her house with Aunt Alexandra and her missionary circle, Scout decides that she needs to learn to become a woman. The ladies wore powder and rose, smelled good, and gossiped over coffee cups and refreshments. Scout admits, â€Å"I wondered at the world of women†¦ There was no doubt about it, I must soon enter this world, where on its surface fragrant ladies rocked slowly, fanned gently, and drank cool water. During this luncheon, it’s one of the first times in the story you see Scout attempt to choose her words more carefully and care what others were thinking of her. In this way, you see Scout attempting to have a more grown up manner of acting. Scouts ability to see the world through other people’s eyes changes throughout the course of the story, but finally at the end when she meets Boo Radley. At first, Scout and her brother Jem were very curious along with being scared of Boo Radley. They wanted to see who he was so badly that they tried peeking into the Radley house but were unsuccessful. However, at the end when Boo saves Jem and Scout from being killed by Bob Ewell and Scout finally meets Boo, she realizes that he really isn’t a very bad or scary man after all. She walked Boo home and stood on the Radley front porch and saw the world from Boo’s point of view. A quote came from Atticus when Scout told him â€Å"he was real nice†, and Atticus replied: â€Å"Most people are Scout, when you finally see them†.

Language Stereotypes in Television Essay

That 70’s Show is an American sitcom that ran from 1998-2006. It takes place in 1976-1980 Wisconsin and centers around a group of highschool kids and ends a couple years after their graduation. In a way, the show proves that no matter what the decade, kids behave the same way and have mostly the same stereotypes. There are many characters who have either ethnic or gender stereotypes pinned to them through their language or how they act. The first example is also the main love interest of the show, Eric and Donna. In the later seasons, when the main relationship is more serious, Eric believes that Donna’s responsibilities when married is to stay at home and take care of the children while he worked. However, Donna, being a feminist, wanted nothing to do with staying home all the time. She wanted to explore the world and work. Another character who exemplifies a female stereotype is Jackie. She is a year younger than everyone else and her language can best be described as often high-pitched and definitely the most girly on the show. She loves pink unicorns and everything stereotypically girly. Many of the male characters can often find her â€Å"annoying† because of her overbearing girliness. The most masculine character is Hyde, and through his actions and words he expresses many male stereotypes. He is very direct with what he says and never beats around the bush. If he has a problem with something he will not hesitate to speak up and does seem to be commanding of the other characters, seeming both stronger and smarter than the other men. He uses the word â€Å"man† often, something that seems to be stereotypical of a guy. He will often use silence to his advantage when necessary. Another character is Fez(basically an acronym for â€Å"Foreign Exchange Student†), a dark colored boy whose country of origin is unknown. Being foreign, his language is poor at best since he doesn’t understand certain things that are acceptable in this late 1970’s teenage American culture, often exploited for laughs. It works because it is typical for someone learning a foreign language that differs from their native language to not make the connection between certain acceptable usages of words. Kelso is the stereotypical idiot who you can’t help but to love. He uses words such as â€Å"man† and â€Å"dude,† like many other masculine characters typically do. Words ending in â€Å"ing† are shortened to â€Å"in,† instead of saying â€Å"running,† Kelso will say â€Å"runnin. † Finally, there is Red and Kitty. Kitty speaks with a loving high pitch and is the polar opposite to Red’s stern low voice. These are both stereotypical characters, the father believes he is supposed to be the main provider and the punisher of the children, while the mother should be taking care of the children and comforting them. In the end, there are many stereotypes in television shows and movies. Some are harder to find than others, but if you look enough, they can be very easy to spot.

Intellectual Property Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Intellectual Property Rights - Essay Example More specifically, since this case involves a symbol which would denote a product, it is considered as a copyrighted symbol. To the original creator, the law permits him to decide the terms and conditions of the sale of the property in order to earn financial benefits. He advertises the work and sells nonexclusive rights of his logo to six different entities at 29 dollars a piece. The non-exclusivity of the sale shows that he still owns the logos; he holds the original rights to the logos. B would, therefore, be compelled to agree to the terms fronted by A in order to gain ownbership of the same. In this case, B seeks to do away with the logo created by A, this would still compel the former to agree to the same terms. B creates a logo one year later and sells it to C. However, the logo is has striking semblances to that created by A yet B alludes that it is an independent creation. B sells the logo innocently ignorant of the fact that his logo resembles that created by A one year ear lier. However, the assumption is that A was the original creator of the logo. A legal solution to the issue comes in the form of B seeking to purchase A’s logo. The case presented herein requires clear legal outlines to guide the process of purchase of A’s logos. By extension, it should not be forgotten that B’s logo only showed similarity to A’s creation and that it was not necessarily an act of infringement on a copyright. Besides, there are no legal stipulations which determine similarities of copyright symbols. It is out of B’s own will that he seeks to sort out an apparent similarity in the two logos by buying A’s. ANALYZES 1. Trying to buy the rights from A is the most objective move since B cannot register the same logo which A created a year earlier. This is despite the two logos being not the same. B needs to buy all the exclusive rights from A. This would save B the possible embarrassment from the similarity in the two logos. Howev er, the sale is complex because A had sold some nonexclusive rights to six other clients whom he met on the internet. The other clients might pose a legal challenge. However, if they have not started using the logo, we should look for ways to cancel the licensing agreement with the other six people. Therefore we kindly ask for the licencing agreement so that we can find clasues that could be in favour of B. Also, C will require the exclusive rights of his client, B. 2. C may sue B and they would be justified to take such a move. However, such a move would not be advisable. This is because in spite of the similarity in the two logos, B’s work could be genuinely out of creativity and not from copying A’s work. The alternative would be for C to go with the buy out as B seeks to do. In addition, proving what infringement has occurred when the two logos are compared bears no ground. The only legal proof would be a patent which must have been legally documented. In the absen ce of such, there is no legal test which is admissible in a legal proceeding. B should, therefore, try to prevent a court case. The idea of buying out the logo from A would be the best decision. This might also go well with A who has earned little money from the creation. It is documented that A put up the logo for thirty dollars for a single and an exclusive use. Consequently, B’s offer of one thousand Euros would be a better deal given the previous pays that A had hoped for. 3. D might raise a complaint against C in case it uses the logo without sorting out the issue of similarity.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Safety and Monitorin Essay

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Safety and Monitorin - Essay Example In fact, it has been shown that MRI images are better for children and patients who were given anesthesia. However, the effects of these drugs vary by age and disease of the patient (Medical Advisory Secretariat, 2003). Figure 1. Keeping still a child in MRI is difficult without anesthesia. Figure courtesy of Asher, J., 2009. Kids’ Brain Development Charted As They Grow Up: First MRI Data Release on Young Children, Brain Chemistry. [online] Available at: Figure 2. Poor MRI image quality can result from movement during the procedure. Figure courtesy of CT Dictionary [online] Available at: Because of the health-related risks associated with MRI, the procedure and associated patient care, especially if anesthesia is opted, should be carefully planned prior to actual imaging. Patient care during the MRI setting includes monitoring, anesthetic care, as well as airway and emergency management (American Society of Anesthesiologists, 2009). ... Sedation also poses greater threat among those at risk of respiratory and cardiac problems or any change in physiologic status, since the sedated patient may get into respiratory depression or hemodynamic imbalance without being able to inform the MRI technologist. In addition, injured or critically ill patients can acquire central nervous system or cardiorespiratory complications once given with anesthesia (Medical Advisory Secretariat, 2003). These risks add onto the health problems that may arise due to the MRI imaging procedure itself. According to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (2009), anesthetic care in MRI involves moderate and deep sedation, monitoring, general anesthesia, and critical care or ventilator support, although minimal sedation or anxiolysis may be given to complete the scan safely and comfortably. Anesthesia in MRI is different from that in the operating rooms, because anesthesia-administering devices and monitoring equipment commonly used in the hospit al may not be functional in an MRI setting. In addition, direct patient observation may be hampered by noise, dark environment and obstructed line of sigh (American Society of Anesthesiologists, 2009). Patient care during MRI is vital, especially during high-risk imaging, which occurs among patients with health-related risks, and when using high-risk equipment or procedures. Health-related risks are present in patients with neonatal status, prematurity, intensive or critical care status, impaired respiratory function, hemodynamic abnormalities, required vasoactive infusion, obesity or peripheral vascular diseases. In addition, changes in levels of sedation, muscle relaxation or respiration that may pose minimal- or moderate-risk patients in high-risk conditions should be

World Trade Organization Today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

World Trade Organization Today - Essay Example The study "World Trade Organization Today" describes the work of the institution responsible for the multilateral trading system. The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the one and only international organization dealing with multilaterally agreed rules on trade among its member countries. Through WTO agreement, which spell out rights and obligations, member countries operate a nondiscriminatory multilateral trading system that has allowed world trade to grow. The goal is to help producers of goods and services, and exporters and importers, conduct their business in a manner that ensures predictability and stability. The supreme body of the WTO is the Ministerial Conference which is held at least once in every two years. It comprises representatives of all members and functions to oversee the implementation of members' obligations as well as to negotiate new agreements. The day-to-day business of the WTO is conducted under the supervision of the General Council (GC) which comprises re presentatives of all members to the WTO who are usually of Ambassadorial level or equivalent. The GC has the authority to act on behalf of the Ministerial Conference and oversees the operations of agreements and ministerial decisions. As the principal institution with responsibility for the multilateral trading system, the WTO has the same status as institutions such as the World Bank and IMF. The WTO has legal personality and has been accorded privileges similar to those accorded to the specialized UN agencies.

Standard Alignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Standard Alignment - Essay Example Language arts mainly consisted of lessons to be learnt, poems to be recited, and grammar to be understood. If we consider standard alignment in the learnings we had, it can be said that the courseware and the approach was horizontally aligned. By horizontal alignment we mean that the standards, curriculum etc. was in accordance with the age of a child and the content delivered to any child of that age was both sufficient and necessary. Since the knowledge of language is not only restricted to knowing how to speak and write, it is very much required that all parts of language are covered in the early education which will also help cultivate interest in the child for the language. Therefore, the early education was horizontally well aligned. Another subject of major importance was Maths. Maths is a subject of vital importance as it marks the beginning of a calculated approach. It involves a child's brain to the maximum and the basic art of calculation is required in every sphere of life. Even for people who do not work, calculations and simple mathematics play a major part in dealing with day to day activities. The early education given to us about Maths comprised of counting. Counting forms the basis of every kind of calculations. The early education also focuses on minor additions and subtractions.

Valuation Financial statement analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Valuation Financial statement analysis - Essay Example The company manufactures and distributes different brands specializing in consumer products including hygiene, nutritional and personal care products. Further, its portfolio has items such as Lipton, Knorr, Magnum, Hellmann’s, Lux, Dove, Omo and Axe. Notably, the company product retails in more than 170 countries around the globe. Financial statement trends Table 1: Unilever financial data from 2008-2012 Â   Â   2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Â   Â   Â   EPS 1.79 1.21 1.51 1.51 1.58 r 15% DPS 0.73 0.77 0.80 0.85 0.89 g 0.05 Residual Earnings 38,785.00 35,354.00 37,924.00 38,813.00 41,625.00 Â   g in RE 0.05 0.07 0.02 0.07 0.06 Â   discount factors 0.87 0.786 0.675 0.592 0.497 Â   Income 39,523.00 39,823.00 44,262.00 46,467.00 51,324.00 Â   Â   Average EPS growth rate5.4% Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Table 2: Unilever PLC financial projections from 2013-2017 Â   Â   2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Â   Â   Â   EPS 1.67 1.76 1.86 1.97 2.09 r 15% DPS 0.93 0.98 1. 03 1.08 1.13 g 0.05 Residual Earnings 44,123.00 46,770.00 49,576.00 52,551.00 55,704.00 Â   g in RE 0.05 0.07 0.02 0.07 0.06 Â   discount factors 0.87 0.786 0.675 0.592 0.497 Â   Income 54,403.00 57,668.00 61,128.00 64,795.00 68,683.00 Â   Average EPS growth rate5.4% Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Forecasting Forecasted Earnings Earning are the net proceeds that a firm gets from its operations. As such, Unilever PLC has reported increased retained earnings from the year 2008 to 2012. The growth in earning ranges from 2% to 7%. Therefore, to forecast future probable earning, the company can use a model of the form:Y= a+bxa, where Y is the forecasted earning, a represent the prior year’s earning, b is the average growth rate, x is the expected earnings. Forecasted Dividends Dividends are issued based on the company’s financial performance. As such, the directors pay dividends when companies make profits. Nevertheless, directors may resolve to pay divide nd from the retained earnings of the prior years.1 Based on the information derived from Unilever PLC financial statements, the company has consistently made profits from the year 2008 and the directors have paid dividends consecutively for all the five years. It is apparent that the dividends have been growing at a rate of 5% every year and as such, the 2012 dividend payout can be forecasted at the same rate to determine the probable dividend to be paid in future. Forecasted cash flows Cash flows are gross revenues that an organization receives from its operations. The information derived from the financial statements shows that Unilever cash flows have been on the increase. The forecasted cash flows can be given by a model of the form: Y=a+bx where Y is the forecasted cash flow, A is the cash flow from the prior year, b is the expected growth rate and x is the expected cash flows. Estimation of parameters of the model The parameters of the model include variables used to determine forecasted earning, dividends and the cash flow. These include; cost of capital, growth rate and any other cost incurred. To start with, the cost of capital is estimated based on the prevailing interest rates at which British financial institution were lending capital. The market

Education among adolescents with type I diabetes mellitus Research Proposal

Education among adolescents with type I diabetes mellitus - Research Proposal Example Diabetes self-management is very crucial to reducing and controlling the blood glucose levels. Some of the self-management techniques are healthy eating habits, performing exercises and utilization of drug therapy appropriately. It has been observed that patients with chronic illnesses occasionally have problems with adhering to the recommended treatment, thus not getting the optimal benefits from the drugs. The study will use descriptive and cross-sectional study design because it involved establishing of information concerning adherence to treatment. Systematic sampling technique will be used to select the participants. A self-administered questionnaire will be was used to collect data from the study subjects. Data will be analyzed by use of computer software, statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The data was then presented in tables and bar graphs. According to WHO, it is estimated that more than 171 million people are suffering from diabetes worldwide. Among these figu res, 68% are suffering from diabetes type 2 and the rest are suffering from diabetes type I (Atkinson, Eisenbarth, & Michels, 2014). Having diabetes highly influence an individual way of living as well as performance of the daily activities. Several individuals who suffer from the disease are always worried about the chronicity of the disease and the complications that it entails. Such worries contributes to the patients incapacity to fully get involved in the daily activities and contribute to family social life.

What Thucydides says about this war. political science Essay

What Thucydides says about this war. political science - Essay Example This poses a very difficult situation for city-states with inadequate forces. Throughout the Peloponnesian War, considerably weaker city states go ally with those of greater military capabilities. Back then there were two coalitions that equally hold significant forces to be reckoned with, the Athenians with their naval supremacy, and the Peloponnesian who are highly adept in fighting using ground forces with Sparta at its helm. City-states and colonies with disputes align themselves to the either league to gain advantage over impending hostilities and win agreeable settlements (Blanco). In my opinion this war is ideally represented by the bargaining model of war presented by Retier which states that â€Å"war as a continuation of the bargaining process, rather than a breakdown. Fighting breaks out when two sides cannot reach a bargain that both prefer to war and each side fights to improve its chances of getting a desirable settlement† (27). This model is further supported by the rational causes of war presented by Fearon. Two out of three reasons he presented satisfies the emergence of the Peloponnesian war, namely: â€Å"War due to private information and incentives to misrepresent† (390) and that â€Å"War as a consequence of commitment problems†

Carnival Cruise Lines Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Carnival Cruise Lines - Case Study Example Few large firms or companies then are left to control the entire market share in the industry and this then will leads to a consolidated industry. Firms or companies like Carnival Cruise Lines in the cruise industry are very well established with very large economies of scale (Enz, 2010). In such cases, the industry is likely to be more competitive compared to the fragmented industries. This is all because well established firms in a consolidated industry have the ability to implement several strategies and come up with new products after thorough research. With adequate resources, firms in a consolidated industry will always be on the run to compete with one another to win more clients and improve their general sales. Such firms will advertise their products aggressively to improve brand loyalty and create awareness of their products and services among many customers in the market. Taking an example of the Carnival Cruise Lines, it is clear that what is happening between the company and the Royal Caribbean International is a stiff competition to win more customers and establish strong brand of their products. 2. A consolidated industry is usually made up of few but very big firms or companies who entirely dominate the industry and control a large market share of a certain product type. This is all because when some new firms try to enter the industry, they meet some setbacks and a lot of competition with the few big firms which have a lot of resources to win a big share of the market. The firms in a consolidated industry deal in differentiated products and get very high profit margins. In that case, one can say that a consolidated industry is more resembles an oligopoly structure because in an oligopoly market structure, there are few firms who control a large market share with differentiated products (Enz, 2010). Like in oligopoly market

The purpose of this experiment Essay Example for Free

The purpose of this experiment Essay The purpose of this experiment is to measure the pulse flow of blood through the finger and correlate it with ECG. In addition, we examined the effects of hot and cold temperature on peripheral circulation. It was hypothesized that the temperature and exercise would increase the cardiac cycle and pulse pressure. Three participants were doing the experiment. A 19 year old female, who weighs 110 pound, drinks coffee often times and nonsmoker, did the exercise. A 20 year old female, weighs 135 pounds, non coffee drinker and nonsmoker did the cold temperature. Also a 20 year old female, weighing 106 pounds, non smoker and non coffee drinker did the hot temperature. Electrodes were placed on left ankle, right hand and left hand. Besides that, pulse transducer was attached in finger. Baseline was established, 3 cardiac cycles and 3 pulse pressures were measured at rest. We did this in the same way for each individual. In addition, we did 3 cardiac cycles and 3 pulse pressure after exercise and temperature experiment. The effect of cold temperature did make variation in heart rate and pulse. Figure 1 shows that heart rate decreased when participant placed her hand in cold water. In the same way, figure 2 shows decrease in heart rate when the participant placed her hand in hot water. Figure 3 shows that exercise increased the heart rate of the participant. The results we observed for the cold temperature experiment was decrease in temperature. In other words, we observed a gradual decrease in heart rate after the participant put her hands in cold water. In addition, we noticed an increase in pulse rate after the experiment. Also, we noticed decrease in heart rate and increase in pulse rate for hot temperature experiment. But when I did research I found that the heart rate should increase in cold temperature and should decrease in pulse rate. Also for the hot temperature the heart rate must increase and pulse rate should decrease. So I can not interpret the result. However, for the exercise we noticed increase in heart rate and pulse rate. Resting and exercise heart rate are controlled by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for physical activity by increasing heart rate, blood pressure and respiration. Once exercise begins, the sympathetic nervous system is activated and the heart rate rises quickly. The parasympathetic division helps slow down heart rate and respiration. At rest, the heart is controlled by the parasympathetic division, which is why the average resting heart rate is 72 bpm or less. During exercise, the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine stimulate receptors in the heart which causes heart rate to increase. J. Grayson, Reactions of the peripheral circulation to external heat, J Physiology vloume 1, pg 53-63. www. pubmed. com Sandercock, et al. Effect of exercise on heart rate variability, 03/28/2005, www. medscape. com M Buchheit, J J Peiffer, C R Abbiss, P B Laursen. Effect of cold water immersion on postexercise parasympathetic reactivation. American Journal of Physiology : Heart and circulatory physiology 296. 2 (2009): H421. Sciences Module. ProQuest. University Park, PA. 23 Feb. 2009 http://www. proquest. com

The Definition Of Supportive Leadership Management Essay

The Definition Of Supportive Leadership Management Essay INTRODUCTION Leadership is defined as a process of influencing people to accomplish the mission, inspiring their commitment, and improving the organisation ( www.mindef.gov.sg 4/12/09 ). As defined leadership is a continuous process it is a chain of influencing and achieving. Moreover leadership is basically depends on the behavior of a leader, it means the way leader handles the group it can be charismatic leadership where followers are truly depend on the leader with high vision, participative leadership where followers are allowed to take part in group discussions and they participate in the final decision, directive leadership where leader is strict with his rules and give directions, supportive leadership where leader consider followers problems and grievances or reward and punishment leadership where reward or punishment is given on the basis of final task results. In this assignment the main objective is to come up with my own leadership style and to show how effective it is in terms of handling change. Also the important aspect of this assignment is to show the factors which help the change to get the tag of effective change. SUPPORTIVE LEADERSHIP The leadership style I use to follow is Supportive leadership because according to me the followers are as important as task. The goals can only be achieve with the help of followers if followers are facing any problem either in their personal life or under organization roof the affect of that problem can be clearly measured from their task results. Moreover I use self made theory in my leadership which is Get addict an achieve , according to this a person can achieve any thing but the conditions is that the person must be addicted to it. If followers are facing any grievances they can not be addicted towards achievement. Supportive leader in my way does not only mean handling grievances of followers but I call myself supportive leader because I plan my tactics towards achieving a goal according to the followers ability and skills moreover according to their willingness and motivation towards work. Supportive leadership is It leads people: It doesnt drive them. It involves them: It d oesnt coerce them. It never loses sight of the most important principle governing any project involving human beings: namely, that people are more important than things, ( Kriyananda, www.crystalclarity.com 4/12/09 ). Supportive leadership is working along with followers guiding them helping them instead of working ahead of them. Human beings are most important aspect of this type of leadership. According to me this leadership can be done effectively if leaders treat followers as one who work with him rather work for him. Being the basket ball captain for two consecutive years I applied my leadership style and maintained a team. My basket ball team called Descent Killerz was one of the most conflicted team. Being the youngest in the team I learned a lot about my team members , the team was on loosing streak and the main problem of the team was conflicts between team members. The coach of the team had tried all his best efforts to improve the team and reduce the conflicts but he was failed. I was youngest in the team and new member as well, my friendly nature helped me making friendship with all of the players of my team. My understanding ability made me the favourite in the team members, ignoring my problem of unable to make dunks, the team let me play for them. Sooner I was appointed as a captain of the team only because of my supportive nature and supportive leadership behavior. I was the one who solved the conflicts of the team as every player was frank with me and use to share his problem which helped me to understand the main problem of conflicts which was a poor formation. Players were playing in a poo r formation which was disturbing them, some of the times defenders were used in attack which was uncomfortable for the players. I had a talk about this with my coach and he changed the formation according to the abilities of the players which eliminated the conflicts between the team players and I achieved a team with decency and named it Descent Killerz. My style of leadership i.e. supportive leadership was proved efficient at that time. And according to me this type of leadership behavior always come up with efficiency in achieving the goals. TYPES OF SUPPORTIVE LEADERSHIP BEHAVIORS Showing concern for followers need : A supportive leader should concern the needs of followers and then try to fulfil them for increasing the efficiency of the followers. Being considerate and understanding : Understanding the problems of followers and them try to eliminate them makes the supportive leadership in action. Showing trust and respect : As supportive leader works with followers so the main responsibility of such leader is to respect his followers and trust them. ( www.skagitwatershed.org 4/12/09 ) Being friendly informative, and encouraging : Supportive leader should be friendly with his followers and try to provide as information as he can to make the employees efficient and most importantly he should always encourage his followers towards achievement of goals. Being sympathetic to others problems : Supportive leaders should be sympathetic toward the problems of followers if they are not serious towards the problems of their followers they will not share their problems with the leader then. Helping followers develop abilities and careers : Supportive leaders are the one who help the followers to improve their abilities and advise them toward a good career. SITUATIONAL FACTORS THAT ENHANCES SUPPORTIVE LEADERSHIP FOLLOWERS CHARACTERISTICS : Low self confidence Low self esteem Insecurity Expectations that leader will be supportive High growth need TASK CHARACTERISTICS Dissatisfying Stressful Highly structured Requires creativity Requires learning ORGANIZATIONAL GROUP CHARACTERISTICS External conflict Newly formed group Cohesive group with shared beliefs in leader Formal plans, goals procedures Mission emphasizing human services Authoritarian superior SITUATIONAL FACTORS THAT NEUTRALIZE SUPPORTIVE LEADERSHIP Dogmatic Followers Large Size of Group High Level Job Broad Task Scope FACTORS OF MANAGING CHANGE IN AN ORGANIZATION : The factors that contribute to effectiveness of leadership in relation to managing change in an organization are as follow : Followers support : if a change is supported by the followers it makes an easy task for a leader to manage that change. For example if change is less absenteeism and followers are supporting this change by reducing their number of leaves. Followers understanding : one of the most important thing is understanding . If followers are understanding the change it becomes easy for followers to follow the change. Moreover an understandable change becomes more easy for a leader to manage. Followers trust : followers who trust their leaders will always trust any change made by their leader. As an organization is made on trust between people it is one of the most important thing. As trust-able leaders are always welcome by followers so does their changes Situation : the situational factor can help a leader to manage a change easily as the change always depends on the situation it is arrived on. For example if employees were feeling a hectic schedule and them leader come up with change in timings and breaking the schedule with certain breaks, this type of change depends on the situation. Rules : if a change comes as a rule of company it becomes too easy for a leader to manage it as it is compulsory to follow it. For example if company comes as change in rules for not allowing smoking in premises it becomes compulsory to be follow by followers without an argue. Acceptance : If change is accepted by the followers it is easy to manage it. For example if the change is in timings of lunch and followers accept it then there is no need to worry about managing that change by a leader. Expectations : if the change is according to the expectations of the employees then there is no need to manage that change. For examples staff was demanding 15 days vacations in the time of Christmas and new year and company agrees on it then their will be no need to mange such a change. Superiors support : if the change created by a leader is supported by its superior then it become less hectic for leader to manage it. But if superiors are against the change then it is difficult for leader to mange it. For example if leader says that every body should be their in office by 8.30 in the morning and its superior comes at 10 am it becomes difficult for him to handle. Feedback : the most important aspect of managing is feedback as it comes as a report card to the manager for his performance and if the result is not good it indicates that there is need for better management. CONCLUSION In conclusion it can be said that how effective is the supportive leadership is. Supportive leadership not only help followers to work efficiently but it also provides bundles of knowledge to the leader as supportive leadership behavior helps leader to interact with each and every of his follower. Supportive leadership can be used mostly but it can be non-effective where the number of followers are many, as a leader can not create personal relations with huge number of followers. In the assignment I shared my own personal experience with this type of leadership and for me this leadership behavior was a huge success.

Public Relations Campaign Planning

Public Relations Campaign Planning Research and Situational Analysis The term ‘brain drain’ refers to the outflow of entrepreneurial skills and talent hindering productivity and, possibly, prospects for economic growth (Tyson, 2011). The Malaysian brain drain dilemma is attributed to political, economic, social and cultural causes (Tyson, 2011). The current world average of brain drain stands at about 5 per cent, whereas Malaysia’s was at 10 per cent in the year 2000. (Foo, 2011). Out of a population of 27 million, there are an estimated 1.5 million Malaysians living abroad. The last decade brought much scrutiny and substantial media analysis on the topic of brain drain in Malaysia. Emphasis was put on numbers of skilled Malaysian-born people emigrating and its lasting effects on the Malaysian economy (Foo, 2011). In a study conducted by Foo, by examining destination country characteristics, it has been found that some of the key determinants of the brain drain dilemma include religious diversity, high Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, proximity to home country, and English language usage. The main causes of brain drain, however, are deeply rooted and entrenched in the Malaysian society. In recent years a large of Malaysian emigrants proved to young non-Bumiputeras, In a survey conducted by the World Bank, the chief reason Malaysians aboard cite as their reason for leaving the country is social injustice. The respondents cited unequal opportunities in attaining scholarships and places in higher learning institutions (Azlan, Jeram, Sivapragasam, Tyson, 2011). Another large number cited the lack of career prospects and unattractive salaries in Malaysia as a deterrent in the decision of coming back to Malaysia. All these matters, of course attribute to the various government policies that encourage race-based incentives rather than merit-based ones. The policies in question are the economic models that uphold the ‘special’ Bumiputera rights and the revisionist Ketuanan Melayu policies (Azlan, Jeram, Sivapragasam, Tyson, 2011). The barriers are the main causes identified in instigating the talent exodus or brain drain in Malaysia. The government needs to acknowledge that the brain drain is at the cost most of national development, future competitiveness and productivity (Azlan, Jeram, Sivapragasam, Tyson). To help counter the brain drain dilemma, under the Prime Minister’s Department and the 10TH Malaysian Plan, Talent Corporation Malaysia Berhad (TalentCorp), was established in the year 2011 in hopes of activating and facilitating initiatives that will help to put an end to the outflow of the country’s talent. The corporation will be working closely and establishing affiliations with many Malaysian Government agencies and leading companies. TalentCorp boasts a plethora of affirmative programmes to engage and attract Malaysian talents that have settled overseas while also focusing on nurturing and developing those already within Malaysia. Network-building between these talents are also prioritized. Although still new, TalentCorp claims to have a clear vision in running their organisation, which is to build effective partnerships, and make a difference in addressing Malaysia’s talent needs to enable the country to reach its aspiration of a high-income nation (About Us: TalentCorp, 2011). TalentCorp also possesses a one-stop centre to deal with related matters pertaining to immigration and government documentation. To analyse TalentCorp deeper, SWOT analysis can be utilized to identify the corporation’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. One main strength that TalentCorp has is it is run by a group of relatively young professionals, all around 25 to 40 years of age, all led by Johan Mahmood Merican. This means that the management itself could relate and acknowledge the stakeholders because of the similar age and similar experiences they may have gone through, and vice-versa. The new brains will bring a much needed vigour and vitality to the scene, especially when the old existing policies were set up by policy makers and politicians who are of an older generation. The corporation’s new and affirmative action team hopes to create a distinctive competence in managing the talent in Malaysia, unlike their predecessors. The main weakness of TalentCorp would be the age of the organisation itself. Since it is a newly set up organization, it may not have prominence and influence in the society yet. As a corporation, it has limited visibility and only gained nationwide exposure for a limited amount of time during the conception of the corporation. Ever since that, there has been virtually no mention of the corporations in major media platforms, even though articles and commentaries criticizing the nature of the corporation pops up from time to time in mainly opposition online media. This results in many young Malaysians in and outside of the country to fail to acknowledge TalentCorp and become aware of what it functions as. One opportunity that TalentCorp has is that it is in collaboration with many other Government agencies. Currently, it is working together with the Ministry of Higher Education (MoHE), Inland Revenue Board (LHDN), Ministry of Finance (MoF), the Public Service Department (JPA) among others. With all these partnerships at its disposal, TalentCorp can benefit greatly from the resources, manpower, and intellectual property to come up with even better policies in the benefit of its stakeholders. The main threat that the corporation faces is the target audience themselves. The professionals who are living aboard already made that difficult decision to migrate in hopes of greener pastures elsewhere. It is important to know that most of the emigrants are of non-Bumiputera stock, mainly comprising of Malaysian Chinese. Looking back at the main causes of brain drain, while abroad, these people have become accustomed to being rewarded based on their personal performance and merit, unlike the Bumiputera-rights based policies they have been subjected to in Malaysia. While TalentCorp, with its various incentives and affirmative action plans might be able to convince them that there are opportunities abound in the homeland, the professionals will be doubtful of the existence of a meritocracy-based, level-playing field, back home. This raging doubt coupled with the many unpleasant happenings in the country they have come to know from a globally wired world may be the biggest deterrent of them returning home. TalentCorp needs to realize all these and investigate further into the issue. Action Planning Objectives In relation to public relations management campaign strategies, the main objectives of TalentCorp are to be evaluated. The objectives of this corporation are: To optimise Malaysian talent; To attract and facilitate global talent; and To build networks of top talent To analyse the objectives, the SMART objective approach should be used. The objectives should be specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time-bound. In the case of TalentCorp’s objectives, they merely state the obvious, without specifically stating the details of what has to be done. There is little information on how the objective is supposed to be measured and attained, with the absence of actual quantifiable figures. The lack of a specific time-frame suggests that there is no specific time-period for corporation’s activities to be carried out. The objectives instead should be presented as: to optimize Malaysian talent by 50% among Malaysians by the end of 2014, Key Messages The key messages that should be prominent during the entire course of the campaign are: Suicide can be prevented through early detection and professional intervention. Suicide is not the solution, seek professional help. Suicide is a growing problem in Malaysia. Target Public TalentCorp’s the primary target audience or the group and the current focus of their campaign are Malaysian citizens currently staying and working overseas. Although this target public is the essence of establishing the whole programme, emphasis should also be given to Malaysian students currently pursuing tertiary education, who are contemplating on staying in their host country when studying overseas in the future, as they are the future of the country. The secondary target public are the journalists and a variety of media houses to promote the agenda of TalentCorp to future primary target audience and the Malaysian public. Strategies Based on the objective of optimizing Malaysian talent, these three strategies have been put forward: Raise career awareness by of ETP career opportunities for tertiary students through physical and virtual channels and involving selected company partners and key sectors Build platforms to optimise talent-Manage assignment of scholars- Establish early involvement of industry in university life- Encourage collaboration of companies, industry bodies and learning institutions to develop structured internships Enhance school-to-work transition- Upskill to address critical skills gaps in key sectors- Advocate policy change Build HR community and advocate best practices Based on the objective of attracting and facilitating global talent, these strategies have been put forward: Outreach to Malaysians abroad- Assist key industries and companies to meet talent requirements through facilitation and outreach programmes Facilitate returning talent- Facilitate ease of entry for global talent Address policy impediments on entry of global talent Enhance expatriate facilitation- Facilitate ease of entry for global talent Pilot catalytic initiatives for policy refinement Based on the objective of building networks of top talent, these are the strategies that have been put forward: Build networks of future leaders -Develop networks for leadership pipelining Private-Public Sector and Intra-Private Sector Talent Cross Assignments Develop diaspora networking platforms- Develop networks of professional diaspora and eminent Malaysians to assess opportunities in Malaysia or contribute from abroad Engage expatriate community- Engage expatriate community to develop networks Communication Tactics The tactics can basically be separated into two categories; public campaign tactics and media campaign tactics. This is because the different target publics need different strategies to be communicated to. But there should always be a realisation that both types of tactics are very-much dependent on each other and are interlinked. For Malaysian talents already living overseas, professional outreach programmes like sector-focused networking programmes for the Malaysian diaspora are organised in major cities around the world. In these programmes, the participants can be connected to potential employers and explore available opportunities back home. Student outreach programmes can help TalentCorp engage with top Malaysian students aboard. Possible collaborators to look into are the Education Ministry, Jabatan Perkhidmtan Awam or JPA and various student associations. To facilitate returning talent, a programme called the Returning Expert Programme (REP) was introduced, with tax cut incentives, Permanent Resident (PR) status for foreign spouses, and potential positions in Malaysia’s leading companies. There is also a REP Club, which functions to provide a sense of inclusiveness within the community and network building. One public campaign tactic that will directly resonate with the suggested primary target public, Malaysian tertiary students who are contemplating to contribute to the brain drain is to have career fairs and road shows by collaboration with universities and local leading companies. The face-to-face interaction between the students and employer creates channels of raising awareness in job environments and requirements. Besides that, a regularly updated organisational website will be set up for easy information access that will also serve as an online portal for career awareness and career guidance in attaining jobs in local companies. Building a presence in social media platforms, such as creating a Facebook page or creating a Twitter account will resonate with the young, tech-savvy individuals of the target public. Another public campaign tactic is to have upskilling programmes and internship opportunities with leading companies for tertiary education students that will function as a fast track to their career in Malaysia. Competitions could be held to increase the visibility of TalentCorp in the minds of the students. Working together with JPA, TalentCorp established the Scholarship Talent Attraction Retention (STAR) programme, whereby a scholarship bond requires the scholars to work with leading companies in Malaysia. Publishing and printing collaterals such as posters and pamphlets that are distributed to institutions of higher learning will drive the message of these youth-targeted programmes and of the organisation itself to town. For the media tactics to be carried out, we have to realize that the media plays a crucial role in disseminating any information gained from the client, whereby in this case, is a corporation which is under the purview of the government, to the target audience. Ultimately, in essence, no campaign is successful without a media relations campaign. Hence, as PR practitioners it should be wise to plan out the tactics through a wide range of media. By building the campaign around a newsworthy event like the talent and student outreach programmes, the likelihood of the media houses, especially print media, carrying the stories and key messages will be very high. The measures taken to ‘place’ news stories will be very important. The media tactics that will be used in the campaign are: Press Releases The press release announcing the proposition of the event and the campaign in general, would be sent to the database of journalists, newsdesks of major media and even online news organisations. The media targeted in this tactic are print media and online media. Media Briefing Before an actual press conference is called upon the issue, there could be a small-scale media briefing to let individual or a small, select group of journalists know about the event and the intended key messages to be delivered. A smaller, more intimate session will allow issues to be clarified better and helps develop relationships with journalists as well. The media targeted in this tactic are print media and online media. Press Conference A national-level outreach programme or event ultimately calls for a press conference to be conducted. Through the press conference, larger groups of journalists and media houses could be targeted. The press conference provides the organisers a controlled environment to unveil statements and deliver their intended key messages accurately. Nevertheless, a press conference can also be an uncontrolled environment as the organisers are subjected to media enquiries and questions. A separate evaluative press conference could be held after the event as well. A media kit containing press statements, profile of the organisation, pamphlets and souvenirs will be provided to all the journalists present. The media targeted in this tactic are print media, broadcast media, and online media Television and Radio Utilising broadcast media such as television and radio, can be used to address and portray issues clearly. Interviews and talks featuring credible opinion leaders, government officials, and the organisers and management team of TalentCorp themselves will help set the campaigns agenda clearly. Radio could also add an interactive element to the programs aired by encouraging the participation of interactive callers, otherwise known as ‘Talkback-Radio’. Also, the broadcast media have a great audience penetration. Evaluation Since this is public relations campaign, the evaluative measures should focus and assess the impact of the public relations efforts. But before the summative evaluation, implementation checking and formative monitoring should be conducted to correct any discrepancies and assess the progress of the campaign (Lattimore, Baskin, Heiman, Toth, 2013). To measure the worth of public relations efforts, an impact analysis could be conducted. The audience coverage addresses whether the intended audiences were reached. One could track the media coverage of all the events and activities that have been promoted. For print publication, special electronic databases can be used to track specific key words and terms related to the event. Google News offers a similar service too. The cumulative index of readers of the posts about the campaign and the TalentCorp programmes could also be assessed. In terms of broadcast media, its audience interactivity allows one’s to gauge the number of inquiries, opinions and requests for advice. We could also take the program tune-in rate to account. At the end of each outreach programme and personal engagements with the publics, a survey could be handed out to a select few of the attendees to measure and evaluate the audience response. This could also be done electronically by including a feedback section in the corporation’s website. Besides that, we could also assess the number of hits on the organisation’s website, especially when journalists or other interested parties follow up mentions of the event in other media. For newspapers, we can monitor the number of press-releases that have been issued and comparing it with the newspaper take-up rates. Campaign exposure can also be measured by press cuttings. With or without consensus, the position  of the Malaysian government is quite clear: the brain drain is detrimental to national  development, productivity and future competitiveness. Therefore the government continues  to experiment with policy initiatives in order to reduce, or even reverse, the brain drain,  pinning a significant amount of hope on the newly created Talent Corporation led by Johan  Mahmood Merican. Most of the initiatives to date have been about economic reform and  have been driven by technocrats, leaving a void that needs to be filled with pragmatic and  robust political analysis. For instance, in a somewhat controversial editorial, Mokhtar (2010)  opined that the talent exodus can be explained by disillusionment linked to rising crime, a  tainted judiciary, human rights abuses, and an outmoded education system. While the  general assumption is that Chinese and Indian Malaysians have a greater tendency to leave  because of their pendatang (so journer, alien) status – being guests in a bumiputera (Malay)  land – increasing numbers of Malays have emigrated as well, disillusioned by corrupt  practices as well as the rigid confines of state Islam (Mokhtar 2010).

Essay --

Ted Bundy was born on November 24, 1946 in Burlington, Vermont. He was famous for being a well-known American serial killer. Bundy murdered numerous young women and girls during the 1970s. He is said to have murdered 36 young women and girls that have spanned across four states. The biggest question in anyone’s mind would be why would such a person do something so heinous and horrendous? According to psychologists Bundy’s to have had multiple theories on his motive. This essay will look at two of those theories which are Necrophilia, and Antisocial Personality Disorder. The first theory is that Bundy was driven to kill in order to satisfy his urge to have sex with dead bodies. The second theory is that he had antisocial personality disorder which devoids this person from feeling a lack of remorse or guilt. Theory one suggests that Bundy was a necrophiliac. That is, he was someone who needed to have sex with dead bodies in order to fulfill a deep urge. According to Dr. Robert Keppel a psychologist who interviewed Bundy, â€Å"It was the one part of his criminal behavior that truly embarrassed him because, as ugly as it was, it satisfied him sexually†. Serial killers get pleasure from different elements of a murder (Keppel, 2010). â€Å"All of Bundy’s lures, traps, and murders all came secondary to his sexual satisfactions at having a dumpsite where his victims would wait for him in silent decay†. Bundy would feign an injury, to help attract young women to help him to his car. Once the women were by his car, that’s when he would make his move of attacking the women and rendering them unconscious (Hinchliffe, 2011). In one instance Bundy seized a young girl and took her into a wooded area where he intended to rape and release her but ended ... ...RESSION OR ANGER; THEY ARE TRYING TO FILL AN EMPTINESS IN THEIR SOULS: [Final Edition]. TO HAVE AND TO KILL SEXUAL SERIAL KILLERS AREN'T ACTING OUT RANDOM BURSTS OF DEPRESSION OR ANGER; THEY ARE TRYING TO FILL AN EMPTINESS IN THEIR SOULS: [Final Edition]. Michaud, S., & Aynsworth, H. (1990). Ted Bundy: Conversations with a Killer. Signet. Rule, A. (2009). The Stranger Beside Me . Nrew York: Pocket Books . Staff, M. C. (2011, November 4). Narcissistic personality disorder. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.com/: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/narcissistic-personality-disorder/DS00652 Vorvick L. MD. & Merrill D.B. MD (November, 2010) Antisocial personality disorder. Sociopathic personality; Sociopathy; Personality disorder – antisocial. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA.

Conduct Books in the 18th Century Essay -- Literature

Conduct Books in the 18th Century Throughout history, conduct books have played an integral part in defining what cultures believed were acceptable and desirable behaviors, as well as representing the ideal person. In the introduction to The Ideology of Conduct, Nancy Armstrong and Leonard Tennenhouse attempt to show how literature and conduct books have been important in relaying these messages and shaping a history of sexuality through the ages. They also point out the interesting fact that these books of conduct have been aimed more at women and far "surpassed in quantity and variety" (Armstrong and Tennenhouse 4) similar types of literature for men. Some of the examples they list of types of conduct literature include pamphlets on marriage, books on manners and morality, and devotional manuals designated for women of the aristocracy. Even in our culture today this type of literature exists in the forms of advertisements, fashion magazines, and exercise books. Again, much of this type of literature is directed at women more than men, which these editors explain as an attempt to specify "what a woman should desire to be if she wishes to attract a socially approved male and keep him happy" (Armstrong and Tennenhouse 5). This makes sense because even today our society is patriarchal, constructed so that women many times have to count on financial support from a man. However, the introduction points out the irony of this, since not only is the desirable woman being defined, but also what a man should find desirable in a woman is defined. also note that this is not necessarily a contradiction, since "the gendered world of information we inhabit today reproduces and maintains the dominant view (Armstrong and Tennenhouse 5). ... ...n," women learn how to be more desirable for men in terms of today's standards. The focus seems to be on independence as well as sexual attractiveness, and although these qualities are quite different from those of the eighteenth century, they are still just as offensive. Just a few of the headings and articles give a clear idea of the messages being sent to women today: "Are you going too far to snag a man?" or "Bikini Body Bummers: Stretch Marks, Bikini Stubble, Flab, Back Acne--You name it, we help you banish it" and even "Cosmo's 10 Commandments" which include, among other things, "ditch the bitchy mood, fall for a nice guy, send thank you notes, keep underwear under cover, and never lose your cool." Even today conduct books remain an integral part of a culture's beliefs and ideals, documenting "a history of sexuality" (Armstrong and Tennenhouse 19) through time.

Theme of Beauty in La Belle Dame Sans Merci Essay -- John Keats

In the poem â€Å"La Belle Dame Sans Merci† by John Keats, the main theme is the idea that beauty is only skin deep and can be an extremely painful emotional experience. The title loosely translates into â€Å"the beautiful woman with no mercy†. As we read the poem it becomes clear that the knight had his feelings shattered by this woman on his steed. Keats uses a number of different language techniques to make the poem effective. The first is dividing the poem into two parts through the use of 2 speakers. We do not know who the first speaker is, probably someone who is passing through the area. In stanza 1 and 2 the poet makes use of repetition as he questions the knight about his condition â€Å"Ah, what can ail thee, wretched wight?† line 1 stanza 1 and 2. He asks him why he is â€Å"so haggard, and so wo...

Punishment for Crime should be Individualized Essay

Crime and the punishments for crimes have been the subject of debates for centuries.   When asked, most people would say that people who commit crimes should be punished for it in some way. When deciding however what kind of punishment should be given to the offender, is when the debate begins.   The reason for the debate comes about because there are significant differences in how people view punishment and what punishments should be used for different crimes. Most people struggle with the question of what kind of punishment is fair for the offender.   In the past, people have at times been treated differently for very similar crimes, this created upset among the people who cried out for equal treatment for everyone.   What those people fail to realize is that equal is not always fair.   Although some degree of structure in sentencing is needed, there should be some leeway provided in order to individualize the sentence to â€Å"make the punishment fit the specific crime†.   In order to determine what is considered fair and equal punishment, the first step is to identify what punishment is. One definition of punishment is the deliberate infliction of physical harm on an offender or his property without his consent because he is an offender, but for reasons other than self-defense (Halliday, Appendix B.).   In the legal system, punishment is inflicted upon an offender as a direct result of negative behaviors for the purpose of deterring future behaviors these are called sentences.   Different members of society however have different ideas of what kind of punishment is fair.   What some people feel is fair and just as a particular punishment for crime, others feel is cruel and inhumane.   During some eras in history, sentences for crimes were not fairly and equally handed out to all citizens.   People with higher community status were sometimes given lighter or no sentences for crimes that other people were harshly punished for.   Due to the differences in sentencing and an increasing crime rate, changes in the law and punishments were needed (Lehrer).In an attempt to make sentencing fair for everyone, President Ronald Reagan passed a Comprehensive Crime Control Bill on October 12, 1984 (Kaufman, 1). Through this, â€Å"the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984† created â€Å"The United States Sentencing Commission† which developed a set of sentencing guidelines for specific crimes.   These guidelines created mandatory sentencing for anyone who committed certain crimes, which took away all ability for the judge or jury to individualize sentences for individuals or for individual crimes (Kaufman, 1).   Although these guidelines were developed with good intentions to provide the average and underprivileged with the same rights as the wealthy, there are other factors in crimes that were not taken into consideration. It is a well known fact that not all crimes are created equal.   Murder is obviously a more serious offense than theft and should not have the same consequences and few people would argue that the consequences should be the same.   The problem of fairness becomes more of an issue when the end result of the crimes are similar.   The motive or cause of the crime however might have been completely different.   While it is easy to say that a punishment should be less severe for stealing jewels than for someone who takes a human life.   The consequences however are the same for a person who shoplifts a CD to avoid paying for it and a person who steals a can of soup to feed a starving family.   Because the end result is the same the law requires that the offenders be punished equally, but the motive in the case is quite different.   The same is true when comparing a person who commits murder over a bad drug deal compared to a woman who kills her husband after years of sufferi ng abuse.   Because the sentencing guidelines are based on the end result of the crime, motivation is not considered.   Judges are required to pass sentence based on the mandatory sentence.   Ã‚  Even over half of the Federal Judges would chose to eliminate the mandatory sentencing guidelines and 82.8 percent believe that judges would be better and more efficient at choosing the sentence for crimes (Pratt, 1). If the guidelines were eliminated or at least changed, the judges, juries or parole boards would have more freedom to take into consideration special circumstances behind the criminal behavior.   This would reintroduce the possibility for some mistakes or personal preferences, but it also allows for some leniency for crimes with less criminal motivation. The problem with mandatory guidelines has gone so far as to invade the public school system.   In schools, it is called the zero-tolerance policy.   This policy was introduced into most public schools after the shooting at the Columbine, Colorado high school and the increased number of school shootings that followed.   This policy states that any child, who brings a weapon to school, threatens to or harms other students, or indicates hostile ideation will be punished.   The punishment ranges from suspension to actual criminal charges. The premise behind the policy is to take all threats seriously.   The problem with it is that children are no longer allowed to be children.   When children get angry they often threaten them, but due to the policy children are getting suspended from school and arrested for drawing pictures of guns and for using dinnerware to peel oranges for lunch (Dart, 1).   These rules, like the mandatory sentence guidelines for adults takes all of the common sense and reason out of assigning consequences for various behaviors. In January of 2005 a Supreme Court decision provided some hope for the future of fair sentencing.   The court ruling declared mandatory guidelines unconstitutional (Edelstein, 1).   This provides the judges a little more freedom to use desertion.   The mandatory sentences are still the default sentence, but based on the circumstances surrounding the case, the judge has the right to rule outside of the guidelines if appropriate (Edelstein,1).   In these cases the judge can provide lighter sentences to people whose special situations led them to commit a crime they otherwise would not have considered. Mandatory sentences often also include parole guidelines which mandate at what point in the sentence a criminal might be eligible for parole or if parole is even an opportunity.   In cases where an inmate can not ever be eligible for parole, there is very little motivation for the person to use positive behavior while incarcerated.   The person in these cases have no hope of getting a reduced sentence because of merits accomplished while in prison.   By providing the judges to choose the sentence, parole can be made more of an option to motivate criminals to choose rehabilitation instead of continuing to have problems during the time in prison.   This would help lead to more people successfully being rehabilitated.   By providing more inmates the opportunity for reduced sentences and rehabilitation, there would be significantly less of a problem with prison overcrowding. Although the guidelines for sentencing were created to make the legal system and criminal punishments fairer for everyone, they have gone to the extreme and are now causing harm to some people.   A legal system that provided special treatment for the rich and famous was wrong, but a legal system that requires horribly abused women to undergo the same sentence as a child killer is just as wrong.   There should be some basic guidelines, but at the same time there should be provisions in which the motive of the crime and the background behind the crime should be taken into consideration.   There is no such thing as a â€Å"cookie cutter† crime and there should not be uniform punishments to for the crimes. Every person is individual and when an individual commits a crime, a little time needs to be taken to determine the best and most effective punishment for that crime.   Some people would benefit more from community service or therapy than being put in jail.   Prison in many cases proves only to harden people and makes a person less likely to be able to adequately adapt to society upon returning to it.   Parents who have more than one child do not discipline all of the children in the same way for similar behaviors, because different consequences are more effective for different people.   Based on this fact, the sentencing guidelines need to be re-examined and adapted to be sure that the best possible consequence is given for each individual and each offense.   Works Cited Edelstein, Jonathan. â€Å"Sentence Structure† 31 August 2005 26 February, 2008. Dart, Andrew. â€Å"Zero Tolerance vs. Common Sense† 19 December 2008. 25, February 2008 Lehrer, Eli. â€Å"Soft Cell†. 9 June, 2003. 25, February 2008 < AEI – Short Publications> Pratt, Robert. â€Å"Senseless Sentencing: a Federal Judge Speaks Out†. 10 January 1999.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Des Moines Register.   25, February 2008 Halliday,Roy. â€Å"What Good is Punishment?† 1 January 2003. Appendix B. What good is punishment> Kaufman, Shari. â€Å"The Federal Sentencing Guidelines: A Formulaic and Impersonal Approach to Dispensing Justice†. (1999) the Federal Sentencing Guidelines: A Formulaic and Impersonal Approach to Dispensing Justice

European Films & An Analysis Essay

Films are products of culture. It is a culture woven into a piece of art. Films are like mirrors reflecting certain cultures, and these cultures in turn, are also affected back by these films in which they relate to. In fact, film is considered as one great type of art because of its effectiveness in influencing its audience or film viewers. It is therefore very important to be careful of what should be shown to the viewers though films because of the possible effects that it can do to the public, a social entity that is reemerging from the film with a well-defined historical and contemporary roles and functions. This public is where the film audiences also came from and, audience, is the group where the film is appealing to, influencing them, their thoughts, their ideas and their beliefs as they see their own culture unfolds before them in front of the screen through the motion pictures. It is actually difficult to visualize an instituted and strengthened public/national identity without reinforcement between or among those who are sharing this national identity. The role of films therefore is to relay the information back to those individuals with shared identity, values, culture and many other things in â€Å"their sense of common cultural memory or mutual belonging†1 according to David Forgacs, stated in the book of Ricci. With this high sensibility to the public, more often than not, governments take some, or even much, precautions before allowing some release of films by regulating them or, sometimes, governments take advantage of the films to promote their national goals through the encouragement of some themes in them in exchange to some benefits and privileges given to filmmakers. II. Major European Nations and Their Films It is important to understand that films are generally regulated. Some institutions located in a country or region into where the film is based or created, or the culture of that region or area where the film relates to, must also be considered in the creation of that certain film. Films must also be paralleled or must be aligned with the whims of the regulatory bodies controlling them, or else they cannot be approved for public release and viewing. At present day, these regulations are apparent to some directives given by governing bodies such as the European Union (EU) in European countries. Some of the directive’s provision includes statement such as: †broadcasters reserve for European works the majority proportion of their transmission time†2. This is the general directive. Each country however has their respective ways of regulating and directing their own film industries as well as the films that are to be shown in their respective territories, both in the past and presently. In English film industry in the early eightees, before Thatcher’s intervention, it â€Å"had been generally expected that a Labour government would increase state support for film in recognition of its cultural, and not just commercial, worth† 3 (Hill 1996, 101) Another film industry that can be seen as controlled, making the art as a means to encourage national goals, is seen in the French national film industry where there are quotas as to the percentage of European and American/foreign films that may be shown to the public, and this is claimed to be in accordance with cultural preservation of European values. In Italy however, films are freer and without so much restrictions imposed upon their approval and release to the public. In the early 1920’s Soviet era, foreign films were even utilized for the purpose of its own â€Å"industry’s recovery†. 4 The following section focuses on major European nations and their national film forms in depth analyses in their institutional context. This includes the English, French and Italian film industries among others. III. Selected European Films in Their Institutional Context As the Second World War approached, it was believed that the film productions in European areas were random. That was history. Today, aside from the umbrella rules of the recent EU Directive, each nation, especially the greater ones, have their own sets of rules and policies, as well as style and culture in their respective film industries. The following are major European countries/areas and how their respective film industries are with respect to institutional context/

Places i’ll like to visit Essay

Name one place you would like to visit and explain why? I would be a fool to sit here and choose one place when there are so many beautiful countries, islands, cities, and even states that I have never visited. Ultimately, my dream place to visit will be somewhere surrounded by a full body of water. This place must be exotic enough to take my mind off my student loans. My idea getaway would be anywhere on the Malaysia Island which is because of the beaches, rain forest, and Mulu National Park in Sarawak. The Malaysian Island gives a good view of the ocean and the breeze that blows around the beaches is rumored to be refreshing. In Malaysia, I would like to visit one of the five star beach luxury resorts. The resorts are situated between the rain forest and beautiful sandy beaches. I have also read according to â€Å"Tourism Malaysia About Us† the beach gives a good view of the sun setting. The rain forest make the sea coast warm, by blocking winds that would cause cold effects to the beach and this will make the environment suitable for tourism attraction sites. With that in mind, I could imagine taking advantage of the services that is offered on the beaches. I would enjoy my experience in the refreshing environment and at the same time gaining knowledge of this gorgeous island. The beaches of Malaysia are known to have the added advantage of being relatively unknown. The rain forests in Malaysia are mostly dominated by trees and are known to be suitable for a tourism attraction site. The rainforests of Malaysia, for example, contain about 6,000 species of trees according to the â€Å"World Wildlife Fund.† Even as Malaysia’s rain forest yields to clearing and over-exploitation national parks provide some opportunity to explore their primal richness. The equator which marks the hottest place on Earth runs right through the nation of Malaysia to create a warm, highly moist region that is ideal for plant life. The Malaysia rain forest is so dense with growth, I would have to travel several meters deep into the plant layer to find tropical flowers. Many varieties of tropical flowers can be found deep within the forest. The Hibiscus, known to Malaysian’s as the Bunga Raya, which is the national flower of the country because it is so widely sp read throughout the nation. The Hibiscus is considered to have medical uses in Chinese Herbology. It may have potential in cosmetic skin care for example, an extract from the flowers of Hibiscus shown to function as an anti-solar  agent by absorbing Ultraviolet radiation. The red color of the flower is said to symbolize courage, it appears to be that Malaysians find inspiration in flowers. The impressive wildlife diversity in the Malaysia rain forest includes large, dramatic animals that biologist call â€Å"charismatic megafauna† these are represented by such creatures as the orangutan and the clouded leopard which lives in the rainforest. Malaysia’s most internationally recognized limestone area, famed for its monstrous caves and stately pinnacle is Mulu National Park in Sarawak. The Mula National Park contains significant natural habitat for conservation of biological diversity and protection of threatened species and according to â€Å"Tourism Malaysia About Us.† It is rumored that Mulu National Park is naturally beautiful and a place for the entire family to enjoy. They offer cave activities, forest activities, eating, and sleeping up to 80 people per night in a range of accommodations. Mulu’s concentration of caves, it is geomorphic and structural characteristics are an outstanding resource, which allows a greater understanding of Earth’s history. Mulu also has outstanding scenic values, including the natural phenomenon of millions of bats and swiftlets leaving and entering the caves in a superlative. After gathering all this information, I was convinced to visit Malaysia Islands, considering Mulu’s spectacular scenery and its biological significance. It does not surprise me that United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultur al Organization successfully listed Mulu as a World Heritage Site in November 2000. In conclusion, initially when I was asked my first impulse was somewhere on the Malaysia islands because what I was told about the island significant natural habitat. The magnificent views of the ocean will blow my mind. I can vision visiting the Malaysian islands and indulging in the excursions the beaches has to offer. Plus, having the opportunity to take advantage of taking a tour of the rain forest in Malaysia will be more than a lifetime experience. To put the icing on the cake, camping overnight in the cave would be a tremendous adventure at the Mulu National Park. After seeing pictures on Google’s website of the island, I cannot imagine anyone not seeing or hearing the Malaysian’s Island Airline flight 370 traveling to Benjing. While visiting the island I could inquire about people thoughts or feelings towards flight 370 this could be interesting.

How to Write a Job Application Essay

Potential employers often want more than cover letters and resumes; they want to know how well you express yourself, handle spontaneous tasks and follow directions. If you want to nail your job application essay, don’t rush. Take your time and double-check your work. Remember without making a good impression on paper, you won’t get the chance to make an impression in person. Follow Instructions Pay close attention to the instructions. Employers often use job application essays, in part, to determine whether you’ll be a good fit for their company. If you go off-topic in your essay, they’ll know without meeting you that you have trouble following directions. As you prepare your essay, make sure you answer the question they’re asking no more, no less. Also, stick with the parameters set, as far as the length, formatting and font. If no parameters are set, try to make your essay no longer than one page. Your potential employer wants to read an essay, not a term paper. Brainstorm Take notes on your essay before you begin writing the actual draft. Perhaps you have several ideas about how to begin, or several angles from which you’d like to approach the essay topic. Use your brainstorm session to try out different ideas and find the one that suits you best. Outline Your Essay As the architect of your essay, you’ll need a solid blueprint. Use a few sentences apiece to summarize your thesis statement, your introductory paragraph, your supporting paragraphs, and your conclusion. Use the outline like a map to determine whether your essay is headed in the right direction. Ask whether your introduction supports your thesis. Do the supporting paragraphs support the introduction? Does the conclusion summarize the main points? Looking at the bare bones of your essay will help you understand what works and what doesn’t, and what needs to be added or taken away. Be Specific Make clear and concise statements in your essay to keep your potential employer’s interest. Refrain from using vague phrases. For example, instead of writing, â€Å"I’m a good employee and I love to work,† write, â€Å"I showed that I love to work when I served as chairperson for ABC Company’s weekend initiative — we successfully lobbied to have the offices opened during the weekends, so employees can catch up on paperwork and meetings without the distraction of clients calling.† Show and Prove Your job application essay should provide clear examples to back up each of your claims. Instead of, â€Å"I’m a great salesperson,† say, â€Å"In my last position, I had the highest record in my entire region for three consecutive quarters.† Instead of, â€Å"I’m really good with people,† say, â€Å"Due to my outstanding service skills, I had the highest number of repeat customers in the district. People requested me by name.† Be Professional Even if you are given creative license, recognize that this essay is your potential employer’s first glimpse of your work persona. Don’t put anything in the essay that you wouldn’t want to say to her face. Treat the essay like an interview and write accordingly.

Gender Diversity In Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gender Diversity In Education - Essay Example Instead, diversity can represent variations in interests, perspectives, personalities, abilities and emotions. Gender has a large influence on an individual’s cognitive and emotional development and in their perception. Therefore, gender impacts students learning abilities and in extension a teachers approach to teaching. This paper discusses subject preference as the main challenge teachers have to face in view of variations caused by gender (Cushner et al, 2006). Disparities in education caused by gender are evident in the types of subjects male and female students prefer. On average, most female students prefer arts and languages while most male students are in tune with math and sciences. Is this disparity the fault of the bio-social disposition of the students or the failure of the teachers and indeed the education system? To answer this question one needs to explore the similarities and differences between male and female students in view of education (assuming a mixed g ender classroom). For starters, male and female students are provided equal opportunity for education as stipulated by the constitution. They are also protected against gender bias and even sexual discrimination. Also, in a standard setting, male students are loved by their male and female parents equally (but expressed differently) and the same is true for female students (Cushner et al, 2006). ... On the other hand, psychologists argue that girls may receive instructions with little or no resistance but put emotion in all activities unlike boys who are more factual even at a tender age. Apart from differences in mental development, these factors may contribute to why female students prefer arts to sciences and vice versa for boys (Cushner et al, 2006). The commitment of a teacher to their students in view of human diversity is very crucial because if the teacher overlooks gender differences, both male and female students will suffer. Also, a teacher should control how their gender influences their interactions with the students in a classroom setting. Given the above, a wise teacher will not let nature take its course. The professional thing to do is to understand the differences these students present. For instance, in an essay that requires the personal thoughts of the student, the teacher should be a flexible evaluator allowing the perception of an individual student to gui de them. A male student may focus on aggressive themes such as war while a female student will pick soothing themes such as family. Also, a teacher may opt to give information laden instructions for the sake of a female students understanding and cued information for the sake of male student. This significantly bridges the gap in subject preference among the students. The teacher should also note that male students despite their culture prefer a practical approach to learning compared to female students. Having a half practical half theoretical approach to learning is beneficial to all students (Cushner et al, 2006). Another notable difference is the language abilities of male and female students. Despite the lack of concrete scientific evidence, scholars concur that female

Airline Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Airline Financial Management - Essay Example Hence, in order to ensure the integrity of the company's systems and financial operations and minimize the possibility of loss through mismanagement or fraud, the treasury department of the corporation can come to help. Through the formulation and implementation of a through risk management process, the likely and not very likely, both kind of unpleasing events can be avoided, and/or their damage minimized. The primary objective of the treasury department would be to minimize and provide for the various types of risks confronted to the company. This main objective can be broken down in smaller aims and objectives, all forming elements of the broader risk management process. Risk management as an organizational process can be separated into five general activities: identify risks and determine tolerances; measure risks; monitor and report risks; control risks; and oversee, audit, tune, and realign the risk management process. Risk identification is the process by which a company recognizes and, in some cases, detects the different financial risks to which it is exposed through the normal course of conducting its business. Risks can be left unidentified for reasons ranging from poor internal controls that allow the unnoticed booking of risky financial transactions to basic oversight of fundamental exposures. The process by which members of a company review, analyze, and discuss their risk profiles is an indispensable means by which risks can be identified, and, hence, managed. Our airline company transports passengers from the United States to Europe and back. The obvious risks faced by the company include the risk of plane crashes, maintenance-related delays, equipment damage from fire, and a loss of customers. Less obvious but perhaps equally significant are also the financial risks to which our company may be subject, such as the risk of rising jet fuel prices or the risk of fluctuations in the euro/dollar exchange rate. Without a systematic process to analyze these different risk exposures, our company's shareholders may never realize fully the different avenues through which the value of their capital can be adversely affected. Given the risks the company has identified, senior managers and directors must agree on tolerable levels of those risks required for the operation of the firm's primary business. This determination should be made explicitly by the firm's key stakeholders, including senior managers, the board of directors, and sometimes major creditors. Measure Risks Risk measurement involves the quantification of certain risk exposures for the purpose of comparison to company-defined risk tolerances. The process by which different risks are quantified is a critical component in an organization's broad risk management program. Without a good measure of risk, a determination can be hard to reach about whether the company is taking too much of some types of risks-or, conversely, not enough of another. Monitor and Report Risk A third component of the risk management process is risk monitoring and reporting. The risks to which a firm is subject can change for two reasons. The first is a change in the composition of a company's assets or liabilities. To monitor changes in

Success in Social Commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Success in Social Commerce - Essay Example It is a fact well known around the world that social networking has accrued a large scale acceptance and usage amongst the contemporary consumers. Yet, there is no dearth of businesses that have failed to exploit the full potential of the opportunities available at the social networking sites like Facebook and to be able to use them as viable channels to engage customers. However, on the other side there is no dearth of companies that prove beyond doubt that social commerce holds an immense potential for the companies that know how to milk the business potential inherent in the social networking sites. It is a fact that the businesses that know as to how to exploit the large volumes of freely available data at the social networking sites that is self maintained on a continual basis by the potential consumers and are able to personalize that data and the associated portals to enhance the overall consumer experience could accrue much in terms of business success (Shen, 2012, p. 198). T he Future of Social Commerce Though, the skeptics tend to bemoan the fact that social commerce constitutes a mere fraction of the total retail business, yet if one goes by the ongoing trends, it would not be wrong to say that the social commerce is expanding at a pace that is much fast as compared to the offline retail (Griffiths & Howard, 2008, p. 70). Social commerce is bound to expand and could be expected to appropriate a major chunk of the retail business, considering the fact that the contemporary consumers are not only spending a greater time on the mobile devices and social networking sites, but the proactive and innovative companies are enhancing the opportunities whereby the consumers could make purchase on the social networking sites (Griffiths & Howard, 2008). The social networking sites like Twitter and Facebook are making it much easier for the consumer to engage in one-stop-shop experience. Right from the job of purchasing and getting delivered the gifts for the loved ones to buying branded products from a brand’s Twitters hashtag post or its Facebook page, social commerce is extending such opportunities to the conventional consumers that are not only hassle free and easy to use, but are also accompanied by readily available customer reviews, pre purchase assistance and after sale services. Social commerce has the potential to fuel consumer sales by molding and channelizing their shared interest and propensities. It is not a wonder that irrespective of the fact that though the social commerce today is being dominated by the online businesses like Amazon, Macy’s, Target and Apple, the online shopping businesses like Beyond the Rack, HauteLook, and ShoeDazzle are increasing and enhancing their social commerce presence. These companies retain a very strong and engaging presence at Twitter and Facebook. No wonder engaging in social commerce is a potent and viable way not only to enhance a businesses’ online presence, but also to translate into viable online sales. Besides, social commerce could also be adapted and manipulated to accrue much word of mouth publicity. For instance there is no dearth of the consumers who are willing to post a review about a particular business, provide they are offered a lucrative and attractive deal. Social commerce is a double edged sword with innate possibilities and opportunities. By helping the consumers the businesses could help themselves grow and by enervating the consumers

Reaction paper 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reaction paper 3 - Assignment Example Thus, showing how Lardo acquires new meaning as a result of the campaign as an exotic consumption item for the local and middle-class consumers (Alison 455). Therefore, the article explains the meaning of the movement in different areas. The entire article emphasizes on the impacts of the Slow Food Movement. In Italy, the movement succeeded in developing cultural space for a new consumer politics kind of performance. The article explains further that the Slow Food resists the easy categorization in any familiar political narratives terms. Though, it is evident that the promotion has penetrated to the politics process heart in societies of liberal democracy. Hence, the article explains the theory behind the food politics. Alison shows how the movement of Slow Food manifestos encourages the cultural diversity idea. The article explains that the movement urges consumers to purchase niche-marketed foods. Though, with the kind of promotional politics, there can be no guarantees of ideological outcomes. It is evident in the article that, the cultural marketing authenticity politics may have been unexpected results for the direct producers. The entire article explains the formation and impact of the European Union. The article explains the contribution of the union and community in making the world a better place in terms of economic fields, peacekeeping and climate changes. Thus, the main objective of the article is to define the European Union and determine its impact on the European nations in terms of development in economy. The article points out some of the factors that promoted economic development by the new community or union. It emphasizes that the political and economic unification of the involved nations paved way for the integrated economy. In addition the common market concept got extended in the mutual trade of the union; thus promoting the economic

In what ways can terrorism be distinguished from other forms of Essay - 1

In what ways can terrorism be distinguished from other forms of violent conflict Can terrorism ever be justified - Essay Example context, it has been noticed that ‘an alternative public policy might target high-risk technologies (civilian airlines, nuclear reactors, etc.) as the source of vulnerability to terrorism, thereby protecting civil liberties by reducing or eliminating the use of such technologies’ (Jurgensen, 2004, 55). The above suggestions could possibly help towards the limitation of violent conflicts in countries worldwide; however this outcome could not be regarded as guaranteed; the appearance and the development of violent conflicts in states internationally cannot be eliminated; it could only be appropriately controlled ensuring that no case of risk for the public safety will occur – a target that can be characterized as quite challenging especially if taking into account the post-September 11th events. The expansion of terrorism worldwide cannot be doubted. Through the years, the measures taken by governments for the limitation of the phenomenon are proved to be inadequate. In accordance with Fleming (1998, 27) ‘an ever-increasing reality in the world today is the threat of terrorism; the significance of the threat cannot be overstated because terrorism transcends both geographic and demographic boundaries; no community or organization is immune from acts of terrorism’. Various other views have been stated in literature regarding the reasons for the appearance and the development of terrorism worldwide; it seems that terrorism is related with specific political options that are contradicted with the interests of particular groups of people – or in some cases with the interests of nations. It should be noticed that in practice terrorist attacks are divided into five major categories: ‘(1) biological, (2) chemical, (3) explosive, (4) incendiary, and (5) nuc lear; while most terroristic events involve one of these, the use of multiple types of terrorism against a target cannot be ruled out’ (Fleming, 1998, 27). The reference to these categories is made in

Individual Project and Presentation (3,000 words 50%) A student Essay

Individual Project and Presentation (3,000 words 50%) A student negotiated project and structure interview on a specialism of t - Essay Example It is the contemporary reality that ICTs or Information Communication Technologies have entered all spheres of our life. As a teacher of ICT, the practitioner finds himself using it more and more every day. In the context of formal education, ICT is recommended to be used by children from their earliest years. Siraj-Blatchford & Siraj-Blatchford (2000) position that since the early age children ought to be finding out as well as identifying the uses of ICT in everyday life. Computers along with programming toys are recommended for use to support learning. Use of play will provide a well-structured foundation for the later use of applications. In other words, the priority of modern education is to integrate ICT across the curriculum. The term ICT is used in modern education when one speaks about digital literacy. While the first associations with this term are the Internet, mobile phones, computers, Facebook, television, games, and Twitter, in education a few scholarly definitions are used. Specifically, Hague (2010), who says that ‘digital literacy’ is a confusing term, provides the following definition: digital literacy constitutes â€Å"critical and creative and cultural practices that allow one to understand and share the meaning and knowledge in different modes and formats through various forms of engagement with technology and media† (Hague 2010, 6). ... Indeed, Eshet-Alkalai (2002) says that the term’s indistinct use leads to ambiguity as well as misunderstanding, low-quality communication, and development of misconceptions. It is noted that a certain inconsistency exists between the supporters of the view that digital literacy is majorly about technical skills and those who support the view that digital literacy is about focus on both cognitive and socio-emotional aspects of functioning in an extensively digital environment. Hence, one of the research questions in this paper is â€Å"Is digital literacy more than just using a computer?† Two other questions are: â€Å"Is digital literacy covered in enough depth in the setting?† and â€Å"Should digital literacy lessons be taught earlier?† First of all, let us critically analyse views on the problem of the nature of digital literacy and its major components in available academic sources. The very concept of digital literacy, the term that is widely used to day, was introduced by Gilster (1997) back in 1997. Gilster (ibid) provided a generic explanation of digital literacy rather than a list of competencies and skills that defined digital literacy. In his view, digital literacy is simply an ability to comprehend and utilize information from a range of various sources, i.e. a sort of literacy typical for the digital age. Needless to say, the definition was quite broad, but it evidently opened the door to interpretations by different authors. While the term had been used before, it was Gilster (1997) and then Eshet (2002) that contemplated digital literacy as a broader concept. Specifically, Gilster (1997) explicitly observes that digital literacy is all about mastering ideas rather than