White-Only Scholarship Controversy :: Diversity Equality Racism Essays

Diversity, a word often heard growing up. In high school transition was an issue that was pushed repeatedly. I attended a school that had a student body of over 2000 students, in which diversity was not really an issue. As age passed I found that diversity affected my life more and more. As college neared filling out applications became more of a ritual, and I found that by world born into a white middle class family would hinder my financial status rather than help it. Recently an article appeared in the Iowa State Daily, which address the issue of a white-only science. In addition to the scholarships offered to members of the minority races, a scholarship should be offered to the members of the decreasing majority. Whites or Caucasians make up a group retributive as Native the Statesns, blacks, and Hispanics do. The one thing that separates whites from these other groups besides skin saturation is the fact that for each minority group, there are several scholarships th at match to each. As a nation we have placed a great deal of emphasis on making sure the minorities are getting agree opportunities, but we forget that there are members of the Caucasian decent that need aid as well. Most times minorities are the ones that need financial assistance in a college situation, but we have forgotten that there are white families that have grown up in the same neighborhood as these individuals, who also need financial assistance. This is why the idea of a white-only scholarship is not so unrealistic. A group of students attending Roger Williams University have created a Whites-only scholarship to initially protest affirmative action. This protest however has snowballed into the real thing. This protest has now become a $250 scholarship available to only white students. This exhibit shows America that whites are becoming the minority, and no matter how much we fight it, it is going to become a reality sooner or later. This then opens Americas eyes and shows them that by being a minority there are more opportunities for financial aid based on skin color than there are for whites. This said, there should be at least one scholarship for just whites to counteract the many minority scholarships available to other races. many people think that coming from a white background youre automatically privileged, youre automatically rich, and your parents pay your full tuition.

Critical Themes in the Writings of Hemingway: Life & Death, Fishing, Wa

Critical Themes in the Writings of Hemingway Life & dying, Fishing, War, Sex, Bullfighting, and the Mediterranean RegionHemingway brought a terrific deal of what is middle class Americanism into literature, without very many people recognizing what he has done. He had nothing short of a writers mind a mind like a vacuum cleaner that swept his demeanor experiences clean, picking up any little thing, technique, or possible subject that tycoon be of use (Astro 3). From the beginning, Hemingway had made a careful and conscientious formula for the art of the novel (Hoffman 142).This preconceived formula contained certain themes that recur with great relative frequency and power throughout Hemingways writings. Such themes include an obsessive fascination with life and death, an interest in fishing, war, bullfighting, a strange perception of sex and an crotchety fixation on the Mediterranean region. In Hemingways writings, the symbols are implicit they follow the laws of reality t o such a degree that in themselves they form a whole story (Wilson 2).Hemingways heros battles consist of conquering dread, a dread which is connected with earlier experiences, and which appears as a fear of life or death. These two elements, life and death, seem to take two opposite forms, but in reality they are the same. Life ends with death, because death is a subdivision part of life, therefore life includes death (Scott 24). If you follow the main lines through Hemingways writings, you will very easily discover that everything deals with a sick, mortally wounded mans fight to overcome the dread arising from his meeting with life (Young 21).In Hemingways world, death begins in childhood, as described with unsurpassed ascendence in the short story Indian Camp. This story tells of young boy, Nick, who is present while his father, the doctor, performs a cesarean section on an Indian woman, without anesthesia, equipped with save a jackknife and fishing leaders to sew the wound up with. The Indian womans husband lies in the upper bunk during the operation, with the woolen blanket drawn up over his head. When they lift up the blanket, he has cut his throat. It is here that Hemingways long autobiography begins this is how it feels to be human. Nick, the hero, has received his wound. He is scared to death, and all of his later experiences are more or less repetitions... .... Detroit Gale, 1973. 142.Geismar, Maxwell. Ernest Hemingway At the Crossroads. American Moderns From Rebellion to Conformity. (1958) 54-8. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Carolyn Riley. Vol. 1. Detroit Gale, 1973. 142.Fiedler, Leslie A. Hemingway. Love and Death in the American Novel. (1966) 316-17. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Carolyn Riley. Vol. 1. Detroit Gale, 1973. 143.Frohock, W.M. Ernest Hemingway-The River and the Hawk. The Novel of Violence in America. (1957) 166-98. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Carolyn Riley. Vol.1. Detroit G ale, 1973. 141.Oliver, Charles M. Ernest Hemingway A to Z. New York Facts on File, 1999.Reynolds, Michael S. Hemingways First War The Making of A Farewell to Arms. New Jersey Princeton University Press, 1976.Rovit, Earl. Ernest Hemingway. Boston Twayne, 1963.Scott, Nathan A. Jr. Ernest Hemingway A Critical Essay. Michigan William B. Eerdman, 1966.Wilson, M. Ernest Hemingway. Lost Generation (1993). 16 Feb. 2001 http//www.lostgeneration.com/hembio.html.Young, Philip. Ernest Hemingway. Great Britain The Oxford University Press, 1964.

A Few Greek Gods Essay -- essays research papers

The AncientGreeks believed in a series of myths which explained nature, set up a moralcode for the pile, and were just folk lore of the people. In this paper,the beginnings of myths, the Greek gods themselves, and several myths concerningmorals, nature, and old lore of the Ancients will be discussed. Because themyths and details some the gods were passed along by word of mouth, some mythsor gods might be interchanged or different. The Greek myths startedas folk lore until it began to explain nature and storytellers merged amoral code into the myths. Many myths started out as fairy tales. As newand more efficient farming methods became available to the Greek people theywere faced with more time in which to do other things. A people who have wastedevelop a culture all their own. Because Greece was split into differentcity- states, more of the myths are different. The culture of storytellingbegan to involve explanations of nature such as the debut of the horse,spider, and such ch anges as winter and fire along with the creation of manhimself. Slowly, as with any longstanding government, the morals and lawsof society leaked into Greek myths in the form of, "The slain shall be avengedby Nemesis (a ability which causes people to get revenge)," or just, "Kindnessand humbleness are rewarded by the gods." Some myths were even created tosupport other myths. The myths started with storytelling and developed intoacomplex body of morals and explanations.The Greek myths were almostfruitless without the intervention of the gods. The gods bookled natureand fought their own battles on the earth, which sometimes caused problems.The first god was the most powerful one until he had children. The firstgod is called Oranos or in some myths Uranus. He was the first ruler amongthe gods. Uranus was the heavens and Gaea was the earth and thus they weremarried. The couple gave birth to many different and odd children but Uranuswas cruel to them. Then, Chronos was born as the youngest titan. Chronosdethroned his father and soon after married his sister, Rhea. He didnt wanthis children to dethrone him so he ate them. However, Zeus overthrew Chronosand established the first real empire of the gods. Zeus settled disputes betweenthe other gods and made sure the humans werent treated in... ...horselike animals.The gods control the seasons as we know them today in this Greek myth. Hadeswas on the surface of the earth on business when Eros shot him with an arrow.Hades push down in love with Persephone and stole her away into the Underworld.Demeter, Persephones mother, searched for her daughter and when she couldnot find her, froze the earth. Zeus didnt want the earth to wither and dieso he direct Hermes to fix the situation. Since Persephone ate segment of a pomegranate,she would stay with Hades part of the year and live on the world the rest ofthe year. All the time she would be gone, Demeter would weep and snow wouldfall. Fall is caused by he r anticipation of her daughter leaving. This mythdemonstrates the power of the gods, the power of love, and how fall and winterhappen.The Greek gods and myths were a vital part to the ancient Greeks.The myths do explain nature and set up an clubhousely manner in which people shouldact. The myths, however, use gods to explain nature in order to substitutefor pure logic. All the myths have meanings or explanations in which all theancient questions are answered. The Greek myths were vital to Grecian society.

Essay --

Introduction Probation and Parole are the main components to the department of corrections systems. The corrections system decides whether a convicted felon will be approved for parole. The convicted felon may be released from prison and be on probation. If the felon moves back into indian lodge or it is workable to bring on their parole revoked and stay in prison till they can apply for parole again or finish their sentence. These are the elements that help monastic order and ex-convicts to cohabit together without repercussions. The corrections system gives an offender the opportunity to apply for parole. Then the parole board has the decision to approve or revoke the offenders industry based on his or her overall behavior according to their mental state, if they caused any harm towards other inmates or guards, verbal abuse, criminal offence, and any remorse towards the crime that they committed. Probation is after parole, it is there for them to get help and to establish the mselves back into society by setting goals. These goals are to be completed by themselves such as finding a job, going to work on time, going back to school and earning a degree, trying and reconnecting with family members and their children, going to either alcohol or do drugs counseling for an addiction, and keeping a clean image and steering away from bad influences that got them to make bad decisions and land them into prison. Parole is the first step for offenders lacking a second chance at freedom. Offenders have to apply and state their case on why they should be granted parole but both(prenominal) really dont take that into consideration. The parole board really dissects each and every parole application and applicant. The parole board looks from their childhood to the crime they did committ... ...s American corrections system. It is not going to be perfect even though we do need to change a lot of things for an offender to make it in society again and to help him or her move forward from their previous lifestyles. While we are a country and a society, we do have the right laws for offenders not to be let out of prison easily. For probation and parole there are offenders who do succeed when going back into society. There are some that fluff the rules based on how often they are being seen by their probation officer or if the parolee even wants to complete their goals and change. There are some who have remorse for their crimes and some that dont even care. These two components to this system are more based on the roles of the offenders but the laws that were developed from different countries get to these imperfect methods of our corrections system.

Acquisition and Justification of Beliefs :: Psychology Access Internalism Essays

Bartleby is a lazy student who refuses to schooling simply because he would prefer not. Although his teacher, Mr. Smith, automatically assumes that Bartleby failed the final exam he just took, Mr. Smith could crap reasoned that he has sufficient evidence to support his tenet. Mr. Smith has seen that Bartleby shows little interest in the class, that he has poor study habits and has consistently failed all his previous exams, and that just about enough questions were incorrect on the portion of the exam that Mr. Smith did have time to grade to authority a failing grade. But because final grades are due and Mr. Smith runs out of time to finish grading, he marks an F on Bartlebys test without actually calculating the score or even realizing that he has sufficient evidence to support his belief that Bartleby failed. Later, Mr. Smith comes to find out that his belief was true, thus once again confirming Mr. Smiths time-tested bias that students who have failed in the past ar e perpetual failures. Was Mr. Smiths belief justified? Intuitively, we would want to say that it isnt, because his belief is grounded in, or caused by, his bias against Bartleby. The problem is that both rigidly Internalist, like Access Internalism, and rigidly Externalist accounts of justification, like Reliabilism, have difficulties with showing how bias can disqualify a seemingly justified belief. In what follows, I will use Matthias Steups account, A Defense of Internalism1, to excuse Access Internalism and then use the scenario just presented to show how the justificatory requirements of Access Internalism are incompatible with the findings of current psychological research on how most beliefs are actually acquired and justified. Next I will briefly discuss how a much weaker form of Internalism with an Externalist character, Psychological Internalism, can avoid the problems of Access Internalism, but at the cost of missing out on the main benefits of both st rongly Internalist and strongly externalist theories. Next I will use Alvin Goldmans article, Reliabilism What is Justified touch?2 to explain the basic ideas of Reliabilist Externalism and again use the Bartleby situation to draw out the inconsistencies between the Reliabilist requirements of justification and our normative intuitions of what justification ought to be.

Acquisition and Justification of Beliefs :: Psychology Access Internalism Essays

Bartleby is a lazy student who refuses to study simply because he would prefer not. Although his teacher, Mr. Smith, automatically assumes that Bartleby failed the final examination he just took, Mr. Smith could have reasoned that he has sufficient evidence to documentation his belief. Mr. Smith has seen that Bartleby shows belittled interest in the class, that he has poor study habits and has consistently failed all his previous exams, and that just about enough questions were incorrect on the portion of the exam that Mr. Smith did have time to grade to warrant a failing grade. But because final grades are due and Mr. Smith runs out of time to get through grading, he marks an F on Bartlebys test without actually calculating the score or even realizing that he has sufficient evidence to support his belief that Bartleby failed. Later, Mr. Smith comes to find out that his belief was true, thus once again confirming Mr. Smiths time-tested bias that students who have failed in the past are perpetual failures. Was Mr. Smiths belief justified? Intuitively, we would want to say that it isnt, because his belief is grounded in, or caused by, his bias against Bartleby. The problem is that both slapdash Internalist, like Access Internalism, and rigidly Externalist accounts of justification, like Reliabilism, have difficulties with showing how bias can disqualify a seemingly justified belief. In what follows, I bequeath use Matthias Steups account, A Defense of Internalism1, to explain Access Internalism and then use the scenario just presented to show how the justificatory requirements of Access Internalism are incompatible with the findings of up-to-date psychological research on how most beliefs are actually acquired and justified. Next I will briefly discuss how a much weaker form of Internalism with an Externalist character, mental Internalism, can avoid the problems of Access Internalism, but at the cost of missing out on the main benefits of both strongly Internalist and strongly externalist theories. Next I will use Alvin Goldmans article, Reliabilism What is Justified Belief?2 to explain the basic ideas of Reliabilist Externalism and again use the Bartleby situation to draw out the inconsistencies between the Reliabilist requirements of justification and our normative intuitions of what justification ought to be.

Blackrock by Nick Enright Essay

The impact of unlikeness that is revealed in nick Enrights textual matter Blackrock and Ed Fischers go to the closet is that gender difference and those who are of varied belief can majorly impact a group/individual severely. In particular being a female in a young males society, or having the belief that homo end upuality is acceptable in society. The gyp Blackrock portrays gender difference within the community where women are discriminated against and dont have ample opportunities in which the males almost al way of lifes have.The male characters have a close bond and an adequate amount of respect for each, due to being a male. Whilst treating females with little respect. The males expect that the females have to listen and do what is asked of them, objectifying them sexually. Then use derogatory language towards them. Scott- piss off, you old slag. When not living up to their standards. In a number of scenes, the treatment of the males to females is shown significantly. Whe n ricko asks jarred to cover up for him and lie to the police, jarred feels cause to protect his bro instead of assisting in justice for one of the girls.At the party the girls are yet again expected to act a certain way and according to the boys they should act flirty as well as put out. As the girls explore their sexuality, as requested by the boys they get sworn at as well as abused. Scott-shes been through ricko already. Now its Gary. Now shes a fucken band mole. Towards the end of the play the males show no self-condemnation for their behaviour against Tracey, and suggest that Tracey was acting a certain way for them to pursue in sexual relations, claiming that she consented.As a consequence of their actions Tracey was left alone and vulnerable, release ricko the chance to take advantage of the state Tracey was in. However in defending toby, Stewart expresses apprehension of what would happen to toby if he was convicted of his crimes, and once imprisoned as a young male wou ld then possibly become a victim of sexual assault within the prison walls of grown men. Rachel points out that gender difference in the matter of everyone being contemptuous about Traceys assault and the fact of matter that the behaviour being excused and unaccounted for.The girls stick to together before, during and after(prenominal) the party. Scott- couple of lezzos, are you. Additionally the text go to the closet also depicts discrimination due to sexuality differences. In this cartoon facial expressions and hand gestures by the puritans who look disgusted and intolerant of the homosexual couple, pointing them towards the closet. This suggests that society does not tolerate homosexuality because it is unlike.Ed Fischers is persuading the audience about difference of same sex marriage, and his opinion on the puritans, as well as the wrongful treatment that some people receive is intolerable, it is wrong and to not discriminate against people with different sexual reference. In addition to both the text and cartoon, difference in gender or sexuality can effect an individual/group in such a harmful way, whether it be traceys death, or the 2 homosexuals being sent back into the closet. Not only women but other different pinioned people should always be accepted and recognize the facts that it is acceptable in todays society.

Frog Atlas

MACROSCOPIC ANATOMY r Snout External naris Brows pot Upper lid Nictitating membrane )f==E Lower eyelid Digits of Fingers .. J. 1-Sr Tympanic membrane Carpus or wrist .. ,.. l. ldOr Forearm Upper arm r Median dorsal key . . . Hump ( fl Cf TID N. ir Anus WJirfi1il m i T Thigh l-bl,lu,1 vArftbt. n4 C q , -A IV ID ,- G thLW (M()nWq . Olrcl-tv- . A l-y-r F ctf,,,b Ruidcr Shank G(JilS. . 91 t1 C pt. d . v lll,. g. rt ,W). tJf. . oF. Prehallux V,A(luill f cJih. , Digits of toes J Web Tarsus or ankle _ . ,.. M)v EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF THE FROG Darkly are pigmented of the flake off SwoJ. _J.. en thumb A MALE FROG Ventral assimilate Diffused skin pigmentation -Thumb not swollen A FEMALE FROG Ventral passel Met atarsals AstragalusTarsals Calcaneum Ischium SKELETAL carcass Dorsal View Transverse sour anxious spine Postzygapophysis 2nd to 8th vertebrae (Typical vertebrae) Sacral vertebra 9th vertebra) VERTEBRAL COLUMN Dorsal view ISOLATED VERTEBRAE Neura l spine Neural arch Postzygapophysis Neural canal Concavity for articulation with occipital condyle Centrun ATLAS Antero-dorsal view .Neural spine Postzygapophysis Transverse process -Prezygapophysis .. __ _ _ Neural canal -Centrum TYPICAL VETEBRA Antero-dorsal view centrum sacral VERTEBRA Postern-dorsal view Neural canal of the lOth Concavities for articulation lvi th sacral vertebra UROSTYLE Antero-latera view Exoccipital Occipital condyle SKULLDorsal view Premaxillae orbit SKULL Ventral view LOWER JAW Dorsal view Anterior cornu Alary process Body Posterior cor-nu Thyroid process HYOID APPARATUS Ventral view - Episternum Clavicle Omosternum Scapula Suprascapula Glenoid fossa. r-. .. PECTORAL GIRDLE Dorsal view Fenestra coracoid Epicoracoid Mesosternum Xiphistermn PELVIC GIRDLE, 1/2 (INNOMINATE BONE) Lateral view Head Deltoid ridge/ Condyle Radio-ulna Longitudinal groove Centrale Ordinary carpals Metacarpals Radiale Ulnare -o IJ li(tl. =- Phalanges FOREUMB, R1ght Lataral Vtt1111 Tibio-fibula - Calcaneum or fib111are Astragalus or tibiale -AA.. ,. ,Hf Ordinary tarsals Calcar Metatarsals Phalanges HINDLIMB, RIGHT Ventral view -rrTemporalis . nm-. y Depressor jawbone ==Dorsal1s scapula rj,rCucullaris ? // IH/IJ/IIr- =- External Latissimus dorsi oblique m. mmrLongiss imus dorsi llfiIlio-lumbaris -Coccygeo-sacralis i==========Coccygeo-iliacus femoris anticus wBwmGluteus f(U m. rn. Vastus externus Triceps n femoris Semimembranosus Gracilis minor J... -.. - fiTibialis anticus Tendon of Achilles MUSCULAR SYSTEM Dorsal view Suanentalis is 0tC r. . (s cutaneoustfl1 pectoralis Scapulo-humeralis or deltoid s epicoracofaaa (Anterior pectoralis) -Pectoralis sternalis AUPeCtoralis is (Posterior pectoralis) Linea alba-1Rectus abdominis Inscriptiones tendinae tt,_,ier vnb? . i n( . (. i d

How Romanticism and Photography Shaped Western Modernitymodern

Western newity was cause by cross-currents between Europe and North America in the 19th century and in the beginning of the twentieth century. Neoclassicism was a movement which focussinged on the rediscovery of Ancient Greek and Roman values and style (and c each(prenominal)ed Greek revival in the United States1). It was a define trait of the reasonableness age and of its reasoning-based political and artistic thinking and saw its apogee during the Napoleonic era.Starting in the 19th century, this movement was opposed by the Romantics, who finish the strict rules of neoclassicism and made the expression of their senses and feelings the basis for their art, may it be poetry, literature, video or music. The English romantic poet William Wordsworth called romantic poetry the spontaneous overflow of regnant feelings recollected in tranquility2. Comp atomic number 18d to the neoclassicists, romantics such as Edgar Allan Poe or Victor Hugo were modern.They anticipated mentality changes in the Western world. Parts of western modernity were shaped by interactions and cross currents between Europe and the United States during the 19th and 20th century. These centuries were characterised by a break from the established rules and the artistic past and were times of revolutionary technologies as rise up as increasing interaction between the two sides of the Northern Atlantic. Such Euro-American relations, may they be artistic, cultural and fifty-fifty political exact never died out.To understand our Western modernity, this paper shall examine two different aspects of these artistic cross-currents. Firstly, the romantic current played an important role in all the arts, ranging from poetry to architecture. Finally, the appearance of the documentary art of scooty has in many aspects shaped modernity and even later led to the invention of motion yield and cinema3. Firstly, the Romantic Movement that swarmed across Europe and North America starting in the 19th century helped to shape western modernity.The Romantics broke away from the neoclassicism and the Enlightenment era and, as Samuel Taylor Coleridge puts it, Romanticism is the expression of intellectual intuition, and combines reason and emotion to find Truth and Beauty. The movement focused on individualism and even egocentrism, the importance of the self the concept of author-as-hero was particularly popular. Romantics besides elevated human and divine imagination and inspiration, revered spirit and ts mysteries and authors often opposed an ideal locating of reality to the sense of loss and melancholy, as Baudelaire does in the section Spleen and Ideal of Les Fleurs du Mal, his poetry volume. In short, they believed in beauty for beautys sake and art for arts sake. This was modernity. Edgar Allan Poe and Charles Baudelaire are the epitome of the relations and cross-currents between North America and Europe shaped modernity, as Charles Baudelaire often translated Poe work from E nglish and made it accessible to french readers.Edgar Allan Poe was a famous American romanticism writer who lived in the first half of the 19th century. He surely deserved William Butler Yeatss praise for cosmos always and for all lands a great lyric poet as he was one of the earliest short story writers and often considered as the inventor of modern crime fiction and the modern character of the detective, a self-referential character. Poe clearly revolutionized and therefore modernized literature and western modernity greatly inherits from his work. He had a well-know grasp for writing ghoulish and mysterious stories.In The Man of the Crowd, a short story he wrote in 1840 for example, an unknown narrator follows a mysterious sexagenarian man throughout the crowds and bazaars of London. This story emphasizes how the wanderer or stroller can walk through the crowded city while still maintaining an outside visible horizon he does not buy anything and does not even notice the nar rator. The story opposes the individual to the rest of the people, seen as one group the crowd. Charles Baudelaire translated this story to French in Lhomme des foules. For Baudelaire, the flaneur becomes important to understand urban modernity as he walks the city to experience it.This motion picture of an outsider is withal mixed with the image of the dandy, and Baudelaire is known to be somewhere between the two, as his peculiar habits testified. Baudelaire defines modernity as the ephemeral, the fugitive, the contingent, the half of art whose other half is the eternal and the immutable in The Painter of Modern Life, which he writes about Constantin Guys without revealing his name. For Baudelaire, Guys is the painter of modern life because he is not only a flaneur, he is besides able to distil the eternal from the transitory.Guys, who wanted to remained unnamed in Baudelaires review, was a an army man with no artistic education who started with drawings specialized in war but later also represented modern urban life in London and Paris such as popular celebrations or exclusively street scenes4. Constantin Guys never signed or exposed his paintings and was only recognized in his time by Baudelaire and a circle of friends of which the prominent photograph Nadar. He painted and drew from retentiveness and Baudelaire writes in The Painter of Modern Life that Monsieur G. ever ceases to drink the fantastic reality of life his eyes and his memory are full of it. 5 Ou il faudrait ne voir que le Beau, notre public ne cherche que le Vrai, writes Baudelaire in Le public moderne et la photographie. Modernity for Poe, Baudelaire and the Romantics in general is finding and creating beauty for the sake of beauty. Baudelaire did not appreciate the first photographs that were made of him such as the one by Etienne Carjat shown below. In his critique of the beauty shop de 1859, he blames the new industry of photography for the decline of French spirit.In Le public mode rn et la photographie, Baudelaire writes that the ignorant modern crowds believe that what is identical to nature is art and that they wrongly believe that therefore photography is lart absolu. Les insenses . Even though photography was the refuge of bad painters and was first considered industry and not art at first, it is nowadays considered by many both an art and a way of documenting life and events as in all newspapers and magazines, especially the ones that focus on nature, journalism or even fashion photography. picpic Baudelaire by Carjat.Carosse, drawing by Guys One of the first kinds of photography, the daguerreotype process was named after its French inventor Frenchman, Louis Daguerre. In 1839, it was eulogized in the French academies of Sciences and of Fine Arts by Francois Arago because he found it useful for astronomy. Using such processes, the French photographer Nadar, friend of Guys and Baudelaire who lived and had his studio on the rue Saint-Lazare in Paris, had th e opportunity to photograph many figures of the French arts and journalism scene such as Gustave Dore or Alexandre Dumas.Until the 1870s defined the modern photographic portrait thanks to an astute use of lights, his portraits were more(prenominal) life-like than the ones by other photographers. He used no decor, a neutral background and clothes that served simply to bring out the sitters outline6. The telegraph inventor Samuel Morse brought the daguerreotype to the United States after meeting Daguerre in Paris in 1839. Such cross-Atlantic contact was already common in the 19th century and even Poe spent time on both sides of the ocean.Because photographic techniques kept on improving and modernizing, picture looked more and more lifelike and representative of reality. Photography was most notably used during the American Secession War from 1861 to 1865. Photography was not only used by upper-class citizens in daily bourgeois life but also as documentary photography. The great char acters as well as horrible events of the gracious war were for instance immortalized, partly for the sake of information and truth. As shown below, Gardners pictures of the war have integrated the American historical heritage.It was the avant-garde of modern green goddess media in 1933, the first photograph was transferred on a newspaper, revolutionizing forever modern newspapers. picpic Alexander Gardners photographs in Antietam, USA, September 1862 But modern photography was also well elevated to the statute of fine art in the life time of the internationally recognized photographer and gallery director Alfred Stieglitz (1864-1946) he is considered a reformer for modernism7. Stieglitz worked painstakingly and succeeded in legitimizing the fine art of photography.He became of Expressionist leaning and started to replace naturalism in his art with exaggeration and the expression of intense, subjective emotion8 as his piece shown below, Equivalent suggests. , once again proving hi s pioneering role in the perception of modernity. picpic The Terminal by Alfred Stieglitz (1892)Equivalent by Stieglitz (1926) Western modernity was shaped by the cross currents across the Atlantic in the 19th and 20th centuries, especially the Romantic Movement of which Poe and somehow his follower Baudelaire were part of.Poe and Baudelaire pioneered western modernity as they have for the self-reflecting character of the flaneur and by for example noticing Constantin Guys and his modern urban dweller drawings. Thanks to the invention and rise of photography during the end of the 19th century painting was liberated from the need to represent accurately and modern painting was triggered by a wave of creativity in the beginning of the 20th century. Photography also contributed to shaping western modernity, especially by documenting the Civil War that ravaged North America and by the creation of portraits of intellectuals in France.The invention of photography also eventually led to ci nema, which became increasingly popular and accessible throughout the 20th century to become the seventh art and for some companies a very paying industry. Photography is also one of the ways journalists make us see what is too far from us, such as modern day events like the Arab revolutions. In short, photography, starting with, among others, Daguerre, Nadar, Gardner and later Stieglitz became a full part of western modernity both in industry and fine art.

Key Areas of Work by the United Nations

At the forefront globalization and the dramatic turn of events worldwide, the focus of states and governing is towards economic stability and human development. These goals are in like manner in conjunction with the goals set forth by the United Nations (UN), in particular, priorities on uk/why-nations-fail-chapter-5-review/developing nations. More to this, the UN and its underling agencies are mandated to extend support and technical services on priority and special cases and at different studys.These global aspirations are carried out through organisation collaborations and or at the regional and bilateral level. However, at various junctures, these initiatives are often hampered by interventions driven by conflicts or disputes among nations and or within its people. near often than not, these conflicts are either anchored or rooted to ghostlike differences which brought about misunder backing among inte difference groups. Hence, giving way to bitter resolutionwars and or vi olence.Relative to its functions and mandate, heathenish or religious conflicts have been proven to directly or indirectly affect the efforts of UN for international development, peace, justice, security, cooperation, gender equality, human rights and social justice. The domino effect is very apparent and dreaded in this type of conflict. Hence, an integrated approach in harnessing inter- corporate trust communication among world religions and denominations is seen as a key factor in mitigating and or pacifying on-going international or bilateral conflicts.II. DiscussionInter-faith communication could be realized in various venues and through different media. In fact, it has itself a long history to stand on its own. This is done usually through inter-faith dialogues. But inter faith has always been interpreted in different ways and scope. Many were initiated by a particular group and were limited only to bilateral religions. On a wider range, many international arrangings were b orn out of interfaith dialogues, usually inter-denomination within traditions such(prenominal) as Christianity. An example of which is World Council of Churches, the broadest Christian inter-denomination alliance.However, this does not include other major religions, not even Islam and the Catholic Church. Hence, a more integrated organization and a broader segment of religion or denomination are needed to establish and institutionalize inter-faith cooperation and understanding. Prior to coming up with this goal, a thorough need of the communication factors, conflict or risk management practices, cooperation and understanding principles as variables used and potentially to be used by different religions or faith is significant to establish the objective set above.Identifying Communication FactorsThis involves the identification of communication factors such as communication gap (language differences, information lapses, assimilation and or misinterpretations. This also allows for a better understanding of the weaknesses of the respective parties in holding dialogues or reaches out initiatives.Risk or Conflict ManagementThis variable is a very critical area in dealing with religious conflicts. The assessment of how parties practice conflict or risk management within their line or a counterpart enables supposition of drafting a roadmap for managing conflicts, or employing modifications to existing binding or non-binding policy.Employing Cooperation and Understanding PrinciplesThis is one of the most important considerations to be beted upon in initiating such critical moves as interfaith communication. Employing acceptable principles for cooperation and understanding enables mutual cooperation from opposing parties (respondents). For this study, denominations/religions in the village level forget be the primary target. However, as to the assessment, the key informant will be coming from the hierarchy base or area.III. MethodologyThis research will be using a deductive approach in assessing the variables of the research as well as its implementation. The research will also employ a two-way data gathering scheme, including a key informant interview for religious leaders/elders and a survey among their respective followers and believers.The key informant interviewee will be asked (through guide questions) about their experience and perception of the variables being considered. The rest of the respondents will also be asked (through guided questionnaire) of their perception and affirmation of the variables in consideration and the affirmation of the leaders/leaders information.The location of the study is proposed to be calculateed in war-torn areas, devastated by ethnic or religious conflicts. The government concerned will be tapped for ensuring safe conduct pass and security and the academes in the conduct of the research respectively.The length of time for the conduct of the study is dependent on the availability of the respondents and financial and logistical provisions.The researcher and a pool of experts will look into the data and subject it for analysis. After which, the research results will be published including the recommendations for referral to parties (religions, denominations, governments) involved, relative to UN concerns and work and request for actions to carry out the goals reflected in the research.IV. ConclusionIndeed, the need for a benevolent initiative as an alternative to resolve conflict is still the most acceptable to way to resolving global religious-related conflicts. War is not an solve to another war. It only derails and inhibits peace efforts. Hence, this research initiative to further understand and establish interfaith communication is filled with hopes in terms of feasibility and acceptability.Very recently, thither was a global uproar in the Moslem world against the pronouncements of the Pope. Although The Vatican has already been in constant efforts to mitigate further disputes, the threats and tensions are still high. Hence, without proper and amicable venue for communication, worst may come to worst.V. Bibliography(Chicago, 1994). Learnings for the Future of Inter-Faith Dialogue. http//www.laetusinpraesens.org/docs/diaparl.php.(Berlin, 2005). Pope Stresses religious Dialogue. http//www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,1564,1558435,00.html.Ariarajah, S. (Geneva, 1991). Interfaith Dialogue.http//www.wcccoe.org/wcc/what/interreligious/diction.html.Ashafa,M.N.(Kaduna, 2005). Promoting Interfaith Dialogue.http//www.amf.net.au/PDF/diversityMatters/Imam-Muhammad-Ashafa.pdfsearch=%22Interfaith%20dialogue%22.Garfinkel, R. (Washington, 2004). What Works? Evaluating Interfaith DialoguePrograms. http//www.usip.org/pubs/specialreports/sr123.html.Goth, B. (Australia, 2005). Champion of interfaith dialogue.http//www.onlineopinion.com.au/view.asp?article=3778.May, D. (2006). Inter-Religious Councils Tackle Worlds Conflicts.http//www.commondreams.org/headlines06/0828-04.htm.Ra tanasara, H. (Kentucky, 1996). The Importance of Interfaith Dialogue A Buddhistperspective. http//www.urbandharma.org/bcdialog/bcd2/interfaith.htm.Smock, D. (Harvard, 2004). Divine Intervention Regional Reconciliation through Faith.http//www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=ose=gglscd=5002080704er=deny.Smock, D. (Washington, 2006). Interfaith Dialogue andPeacebuilding.http//bookstore.usip.org/books/BookDetail.aspx?productID=5121.

Constructivist approach to drama in the classroom

How does constructivist approach underpins what happen In dramatic constitute? What is Drama? Drama is the interpret of utilize the imagination to pass away some nonpareil or something other than yourself. It can be done at any place to any period of time. gibe to Richard Courtney, a professional in the area of drama in education defines drama as, The human process whereby imaginative thought becomes action, drama is based on internal empathy and identification, and leads to external Impersonation. Courtney believes in addition that life Is a drama. Humans are always acting and improvising. When e meet someone for the first time, we perform our conversation.Life has no script writ ten-spot for us, however, we can use role-play to practice the anticipated situation What is constructivism? The term refers to the idea that learners construct knowledge for themselves individually learner one at a time (and friendlyly) constructs meaning, as he or she learns. Constructing mean ing is learning. The dramatic consequences of this view are two fold we have to focus on the learner in view ab emerge learning (not on the subject/ lesson to be taught) There is no knowledge Independent of the meaning attributed to experience constructed) by the learner, or community of learners.As quoted by Benamyl Frankly, Tell me, and Ill forget. Show me, and I may not remember. Involve me, and Ill understand. This is indeed a fact for students to remember and understand what is taught, when drama is included. Drama is highly regarded as an effective and worthy ascertaining strategy because of its unique ability to run reflective, constructivist and active learning in the classroom as well as enhancing oral skills development. Teachers should by all odds incorporate drama in here classroom as this motivate the students that we teach and appeal too range of learning styles.Betty Jane Wagner, an internationally recognized authority on composition Instruction and the education al uses of drama believes that Drama Is powerful because Its unique balance of thought and feeling mothers learning excellent, challenge relevant to real-life concerns, and enjoyable. As educators, if we are not providing a cheer and jobs. Research indicates that using drama in the classroom as a mean of teaching helps students learn academically, socially, and developmentally. When drama is employed in the classroom.It can reach students who otherwise couldnt be reached, and challenge students who have already grasped the concepts. Drama provides a fun means of learning. It brings the affective back into the classroom, an institute where emotions and learning are categorically divided. Recent brain research by D. O. Webb, university professor of psychology, proves that emotions are linked with learning. When we bond to the concept emotionally, we depart have a give understanding of it. When we teach using the arts we are linking prior experiences with new stimuli. Teaching u sing drama brings emotion and learning together.According to Wagner, when drama is used in the classroom to teach it gets students involved and gives them the power to have a key role in their education. by means of drama, students became a segment of the learning process rather than mere observers or inactive receptacles of the rich experience of learning in this way, their learning becomes more sustained, and unceasingly more complex Drama is a natural, innate form of learning for small fryren. As young as toddlers, children play house and pretend to be doctors, teachers, or some other career, which assassinates them. These children are using drama to practice for or imitate life. Playing is one of the most powerful ways for a child to learn. He looks at the world around him and plays what he sees such as going to the office, driving a bus, make- believe stores or parties and on and on. Children also tries divergent ways of acting, assumes various roles and challenges himself with all sorts of enigmas (Wagner). Dramatic play helps children prepare for life and cope with growing up. It allows children to explore and make sense of the complexities of life without experiencing allure. Since dramatic play is so innate in children, it should be carried on into the classroom.It is something that children are very good at and love to do. Wagner also argue that, Children bring with them to the classroom the worldwide human ability to play, to behave, as if many children spontaneously engage in such dramatic play from as young an age as ten months. It is very natural for a child to use his or her imagination to transform him or herself even as young as infantry. They are experts in the field. Psychologist, Sigmund Freud ought surely to kook in the child for the first traces of imaginative activity. The childs better loved and most absorbing occupation is play.Children at play behaves the likes of an imaginative writer, in that he creates a world of his own o r, more truly he rearranges the things of his world and orders it in a new way that pleases him better(Wagner). When children gets the chance to transform themselves their imagination is set free. They are then(prenominal) able to make connections between what they already know and the unknown. This connection helps children learn and have a better understanding of Incorporating drama in the Classroom In using drama in the classroom, the main goal is to teach the core curricular areas using drama.Betty Jane Wagner, states, role playing is improvisational, not scripted and memorized to present a performance for an audience. The emphasis is on drama as an intentional teaching strategy to bring up learning in a particular curricular area. There are many ways in which drama can be incorporated into the classroom. Drama can be a way to teach all subject areas, which includes Language arts, social studies, and science are subject areas, and will definitely foster a higher bevel of under standing with our students It is particularly effective in making a historical event come alive for students, (Wagner).Act out the Dialogue One of the easiest ways to incorporate drama in the classroom is to have students act out the dialogue from their textbooks. Simply pair them up, have them consume roles, then lock together to act out the dialogue, figuring out for themselves the blocking, or stage movements. This is effective for a beginning activity of incorporating drama in the classroom. Perform Readers Theater Another good beginning exercise is to do Readers Theater. Hand out copies of a short or one-act play, have students choose roles, and then read the play from their seats without acting it out.However, do encourage them to read dramatically, modeling as necessary. Act out the Story If students are reading a short story such as The Chaser, about the man who buys a love potion for his unrequited love, have students act out the story or part of the story, working in co nclaves and assigning roles and determining the blocking. This is particularly effective with short stories, one- outlook stories with limited characters. Write the Dialogue for a Scene Watch a picture clip of a movie without the sound on. Have students write the dialogue for it and act it out. Emotion Give students an emotion, such as anger or guardianship.Have students, either singly or in groups, first act out that emotion then put words to the emotion. Give Voice to an Inanimate heading What would a stapler say if it could talk? Or an apple? Have students write monologues with inanimate objects as the character. A monologue is a short scene with Just one character talking, either addressing the audience, God, or himself or herself. Psychologists have viewed drama as a way of learning. While studying the growth of adult male cognitively, psychologists have found that drama provides a sound foundation for development. Level Viscosity and Jerome Burner both see cognitive growth as dependent upon interactive play and upon children imagining themselves acting in worlds that are developmentally a bit above their actual physical and intellectual level. Both provide a square foundation for using drama in the classroom as a way that deepens and enlarges understanding (Wagner). Drama is a form of learning by doing. Dewey a known psychologist spoke on the importance of imagination, and stated that meanings are derived from past participants use of imagination. The curriculum should integrate the imagination with the cognitive world of the student.Wagner stated that thaumaturgy Dews, learning by doing theory shaped the progressive era in education. It is also important to know that drama is beneficial because of how much the participants engage with each other. This helps to develop valuable social skills in young children. In order for children to be able to learn, they have to feel safe and comfortable. The engagement with each other in drama builds trust and strong relationship. Brain Research It is also important to know how humans learn, this will foster our understanding on the importance of drama.Juliann Sexton, who is the co-chair of drama in education conference, explains that recent brain research shows how drama can plays a part in how students lean. Each person learns best a little differently. Some learn best by visualizing, some by audible, and some by kinesthesia. However, not every person falls into one of these categories. I am sure that many people would confess that they member something best by using a combination of all three types of learning. This is why teachers must utilize all methods of teaching in the classroom.Using drama can be of benefit to all types of learning. James R. Lawson, author of the article, Brain-Based Learning, describes the process of how our brain work Xx when drama is incorporated. He states that, the brain undergoes an electrochemical process in which information is transferred from one neuro n to the next. The brain is made up of billions of these nerve cells called neurons. nerve cell connections are flexible, webbed, overlapping, and redundant. Internal and external stimuli collaborate in the formation of pathways and patterns of excited neurons.The more frequently pathways or patterns of neurons are used the stronger the pathways and patterns become (Lawson). It is important that these pathways and patterns become stronger because as they do it becomes more probable that they will be created again. Simultaneous excitation of multiple pathways and patterns create growth of new neuron connections, thus increase the potential of the brain to learn. It is important when teaching to connect the new eternal with students past experiences because it is this simultaneous excitation that helps us learn.Drama is also a means of problem solving. When students work together in drama, they may run into problems where, for example, they do not agree on a solution or action the res t of their group is taking. Wagner states, Participants in drama must negotiate their roles. Unless they can agree and cooperate, the game is over. Like all group work, students must problem solve how they will handle this conflict of interest. This will help students to become life long learners. Most definitely as adults e all face problems in our social lives.Whether problems occur at home, school, or education calls for more group work, so students obtain the crucial skills needed throughout life. It is quite evident that the frontal pallium part of the brain is very much triggered using drama. Conclusion Drama gives educators the opportunity to teach their students in a way, which would create a love for learning. It provides valuable problem solving, social, and creative skills. Drama embraces the childs imagination and emotions, which in many classrooms are shunned. Students will be able to engage in activities and immersed n the roles, which they assume.We are by nature equ ipped with the ability to use drama in our lives. It can be said that drama is a way of life. Drama activates the whole brain and also engages many different kinds of intelligences. It reaches students who need a challenge, as well as students who are not reached through traditional teaching methods. If educators want to reach their students and teach them in the most effective possible way, then they will integrate drama and the arts into their classroom. The impact that this kind of authentic learning can make on a child is priceless.

Warren Pryor

Poem Essay warren Pryor From Farm to City Feeling like the grass is greener on the other side of the fence is a common feeling. In the numbers, warren Pryor, the protagonists parents sacrifice everything to free him from the stony fields, the meagre acreage that bore them d give birth. Warrens parents only insufficiency what they think is best for him and that isnt life on a farm. They blushed with pride when, at his graduation, they watched him picking up the slender scroll, his passport from the years of brutal labour and lonely patience in a barren hole. entirely Warrens parents are pushing him to pursue a career he doesnt inadequacy.They see a new life in the city as more desirable than working the stony fields the grass really is greener on the other side. In the poem, Alden Nowlan suggests that the parents wish to ensure Warren escapes the farm is stronger than their sons desire to choose his own path in life. Warren doesnt fight his parents decision to send him away to school and off the acreage. He was saved from their thistle-strewn farm and its red dirt, they believe. And he said nothing. thither are two views of the farm in this poem. His parents think of the acreage as a desolate wasteland and Warren sees it as home.While Warren is lucky to learn parents who are willing to sacrifice to provide him a better life, its a sacrifice he doesnt want. He should have told his parents how he felt. In his job at the bank, Warren feels powerless and angry, like a young bear inside his tellers cage. He feels conflicted because he doesnt want to betray his parents choices, but hes unhappy with his life. His axe-hewn hands are wasted, just as a bears strength would be if it was caged. Warren feels caged by his city life and he has developed his own desire to escape. Warren Pryor shows how influential parents can be in both positive and egative respects. If the poem were to be told from the parents point of view it would tell a completely different st ory. There is also a hint of irony in this poem because Warrens parents are suffering to push him into a life that creates even more suffering. The poem tells us we must try to live our lives in our own way, and not allow others to choose our path. Warren struggles to cope with city life and his parents deal with the hardships of farm life. They both want to escape to a better place. But everyone has their own dreams of where that better place is. For some, that may mean working on a farm.

English and Spanish New World Colonies Essay

Most of the powerful Western European Nations became involved in geographic expedition of the Americas. Spain started the trend with the exploration of Columbus. Observers realized that Columbus had not discovered Spice Islands south of China, but a whole new world to the Europeans. Expeditions of exploration in search of wealth were the first action of the explorers of the new land. Immediate metal wealth was not found in the Caribbean Islands, but it was found subsequently on the Americas mainland. England was then enticed to claim land for itself, and claimed the lands of North America and benefited from early trading posts. Spain and England both participated in the exploration and colonization of the Americas, but their ambitions were different establish upon the surrounding environment.Spain focused its exploration on the lands surrounding the Gulf of Mexico, and the Pacific link on the Western coast of South America. Like the face, the indigenous bulk of the acted friendly towards the Spanish explorers, then resisted after unjust massacres occurred. This common reaction comes with the part of human nature that accepts others, and rejects them after they have participated in undesirable actions. corresponding to the English, the Spanish also colonized the lands of the new world and developed large cities, which served as political and economic centers. The geography of Central and South America contributed greatly to the amount of metals and valuable resources that were extracted from the ground and from the artifacts of the natives.Unlike the English, the Spanish employed Viceroys, or officials to rule the new world to keep order. These Viceroys reported directly to the king, and could be removed from office by a court of lawyers. These rulers were requirement to the vast, spread out landmass that the Spanish conquered. Encompassing many different cultures such as the Aztec and the Inca, it was essential for the Spanish to have powerful political figures to run the government in the place of a king. The English however, relied on direct ties to the royalty of England to run their colonies.The English explored the colder, less metal rich region of North America. Although North America lacked in valuable metals, it was the source of furs that would r growingize the European economy. The English were similar intheir economic views of establishing permanent colonies after the wealth of the trapping of beavers was extracted. Located within North America were greatly diffused native populations of different tribes.This did not sum up well to missionary work, or laborers. Unlike the Spanish, the English did not breed with the indigenous people, and they received slaves from Africa to satisfy their labor needs. But similarly to the Spanish, the English contributed a large amount of their revenue created in the Americas to add wealth to their kings, and to expand the size and power of their armies.Overall, the Spanish and English sh ared many economic goals in expansion and exploration. However, their political structure and social organization differed from the environmental conditions and the personal cultural views. The establishment in political, social, and economic centers of power was a parallel evolution between these two countrys colonies, as is the enrichment of their countrys treasury and power.

Probation and Parole in the United States Essay

AbstractEmployee security problems and high take chances caseloads progressively leave move agents away from customary probation ideas of casework in the direction of ideas lined up with discover or disciplinary beliefs. This piece of work analyzes how the role of probation and parole has altered and what the future will be manage counting on how we do to the alterations at hand. This study also reviews changes in the criminal policies that have transpired.Probation and discussion in the United StatesChanges in the Correctional System since World War IIUnder Florida law, the subdivision of Corrections is to keep the public safe and out of harms way, supply a protect and friendly environment for employees and criminals work in joint venture with the community to add programs and services to lawbreakers and grapple criminals at a grade of security appropriate with the hazards they present (Florida Department of Corrections, 1992). These duties pose marvelous trials for the em ployees management of the Florida Department of Corrections and the corrupt judge organization as a whole. To have an peanut impact on these matters, the organization must make some foremost changes in how corrupt jurist is distributed. This is necessary as the crime rates continue to rise as courts misplace their influence in deterring crime by equalizing quick, rigid sentences as correctional organizations accept inmates today and let them go tomorrow to ease overcrowding and as criminals become more than dangerous.The penalties of our failure to arise the surge of crime atomic number 18 frightening. An member in USA Today (1991) stated Probation agencies have become seriously at a lower place-staffed just as they are being depended upon more strongly than any issue in history probation, quite an than prison, is the most widespread pattern of punishment. Probation agents have become less and less engaged intheir usual function, more attached to communal work and are more absorbed with law enforcement, following down those who have defied the periods of flexibility. careless(predicate) of an astounding increase in the number of institutional facilities, an exceptional number of criminals have been put under strict watch in the community. The Florida Department of Corrections has more than 100,000 felony criminals under supervision in Florida communities. If it were non for overcrowding, numerous of these criminals would be assisting long sentences in state organizations. Regulation enforcement, the court, the correctional system, and probation and parole have the aforementioned(prenominal) duties for the malfunction of the criminal justice system.The difficulties documented above are broad. To deal with these difficulties, much of what we do and how we do it will need to be different. Many inside and outside alterations currently have been made to respond to the individual safety concerns of probation/parole agents in Florida adjustment of agencie s to provide for larger employee security, soft body armor, and firearms. This study task calculates areas where change is required, as well as obstacles that stand in the way of change.According to Edward W. Sieh (1990),oer the past so many historic period, probation communities have grown to more than 18% compared to about 15% in jail and prison communities and almost 13% in the number of paroles. Close to 2/3 of the execute correctional community was under probation supervision in the community at the end of 1985.Sieh decided that huge alterations in the criminal community have led to alterations in sentencing, as well as in how officers are expected or needed to do their job. Twenty-five percent of convicted felony criminals get probation. Other judgments cut through complete supervision and shock probation.Siehs study recognized two essential forms for overseeing criminalsremedy and justice. The remedy model demonstrates customarycasework and rehabilitation, and assesses cha nge within the system. Sieh attacked the remedy mode, showing that it is inherently violent and unjust. It supposes a power over the impulse of criminals, out of capacity to their incorrect doing it ignores information about the communal rather than therapeutic basis of crimes, and it treats clients as absolute objects of disciplinary policy to manipulate at a whim.The justice standard deals with the increasing occurrence of punishment. Sieh accepts that the standard was made from public appeal for belief of punishment with the smallest take a chance to the community. In his description of the justice standard, the officer is non at all worried about assisting alterations in the criminal, court instructions become the direction for supervision. Criminal success or failure counts upon his/her agreement with the conditions of supervision, and not the blame of the officer or the system. Complete supervision, in his outlook, is a process of the justice standard. Sieh assumed that the system is moving firmly nearer to a disciplinary onethe justice standard. He questioned contemporaries in the field to gaze for equity.Harris, Clear, and Baird (1989) discovered that the probation system completely extends to support remedy beliefs. Morran and Linder (1985) were in unison. They found more considerably, that electronic devices, sophisticated drug and alcohol area testing kits, and computerized information of new arrests are assisting to a larger focus of the law enforcement duty.Many of the criminals who carry out crimes are presently under supervision. coaction between regulation enforcement and probation would increase effectiveness. At the same time, supply for larger security for probation officers who might other be needed to make late evening calls to tough positions without backup would not hurt either. ex years before, supervising the whereabouts of a criminal by the use of an electronic monitor emerged light years away. Cold War undercover operations emplo yed the use of electric monitoring apparatus. The Florida correctionssystem has intensely cooperated in a supervising program for more than ten years.Today, 800 criminals are under electrical monitoring oversight. The courts have vigorously approved the use of the apparatus. It is expected that the electrical monitoring will be utilized at elevated rates in the future.Between 1984 and 1988 the probation caseload went higher from 1.74 million to 2.36 million individuals (Bureau of justice Statistics, 1989). Numerous administrations have furthermore noticed that the probation populations are criminals who often begin with a high hazard of threat to the probation agents (Guynes, 1988, Petersilla, Turner, Kahan, & Paterson, 1985 Snyder, 1986). It is without question very necessary that officers are supplied with an access of security to make sure that they gaint become victims.The future is ours to shape and change, or to just let it occur. Given a science of much important advancem ent, we should start to increase the speed of some of the more attractive future anticipations and windy up those with less attractive anticipations. To adjust the course of unattractive purposes, the setting up of balancing standards and practices will be needed.

Fragrance Marketing Plan

DEDICATION/STUDENT BIO EXECUTIVE out demarcation MISSION STATEMENT roseola Beauty is all about authorisation. Our tag job let your interior witness grow perfectly encapsulates the purpose of our mark off. That is, to the let the raw(a) beauty of young women flourish and grow, as they grow. At blossom we believe that makeup shouldnt be about covering up imperfections or looking resembling someone different, its about learning how to enhance what you already commit. At open, our tutelage is to provide young women with born(p) augmentative and skin cargon increases that will magnify their true beauty. We withal aim to empower our rash beauties by providing them with guidance in using our products. PART I investigate BACKGROUND HISTORICAL look for In Hope in a Jar The Making of the Statess Beauty Culture (1998), a study on the evolution of cosmetic use, Kathy Piess explains that atomic number 82 up to World struggle I, the use of makeup was viewed as immoral and o ften linked to prostitution (p 134-167).However, the contain of the war saw the movement of women into the workplace and the widening acceptance of cosmetic use, as Piess states a republican vision of beauty began to break down traditional representations of women (ibid. ) This uprise challenged male perceptions of the time, as demonstrated by a quote from Alain Rustenholzs Make Up (2003), For the working woman, beauty has become the leading insure of efficiency In earlier days, single a husband or a lover had rights to a womans beauty.Today, she is beautiful for everyone A womans beauty is an essential element of the chance(a) performance that the century has put on for itself in the working world (p 70. ) Piess goes on to clarify that the increase use of cosmetics represented a sense of freedom and individuality felt by women. Makeup was no longer just a sign of a vanity, but a true expression of femininity (p 134-167. ) The amicable acceptance of cosmetic use meant that fe minine beauty and consumption would become intertwined. KelleyMassoni peaks out in Fashioning striplingagers A Cultural History of Seven puerileaged Magazine (2010) that women began to purchase beauty products as a means to self-fulfilment and social acceptance, and this subsequently influenced the mindset of adolescent women (p 18. ) According to historian Lizbeth Cohen in A Consumers Republic The Politics of Mass ingestion in Postwar America (2008), after World War II women were viewed as the consumers of society and advertisers pursued this idea by targeting younger women as a sort of influencing spending habits early on (p 105. Throughout the 1950s, 60s and 70s, cosmetic manufacturers targeted the seemingly interminable teenage commercialise. In Hope in a Jar (1998) Piess explains that stains like Cover girlfriend, Maybel aviation, and Revlon all created beauty images that intermeshed closely with the ship canal high school students themselves classified girls into cliqu es and codified their evolving sense of personality. By the middle 60s, teenage girls, who comprised 11% of the population had bought nearly one-quarter of all cosmetics and beauty preparations (p 134-167. While the teen girl commercialise was burgeoning, Piess adds that during this time, children were largely off-limits. Eye shadow and rouge were considered improper for young girls and advertising was targeted towards p arnts rather than children. By the 1980s and 90s, however in America and Europe, cosmetics were designed for and securities industryed to tweens (girls amongst childhood and teen familys) and therefore to children as young as three. The practice of encouraging young children to learn how to apply makeup has non developed without controversy.Cosmetic ingredients were largely unregulated in the US until the 2000s, leading some critics to question the safety of cosmetic products, while others believe that such products force children to grow up too fast, or und ermine their egotism. However, with a movement into internal cosmetic and skin c atomic number 18 products in the last century, teens may be able to novelty into the world of beauty in a healthier way. * Cohen, L. (2008)A Consumers Republic The Politics of Mass Consumption in Postwar America. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, p. 105. * Massoni, K. (2010)Fashioning Teenagers A Cultural History of Seventeen Magazine.California Left semivowel Press, p. 18. * Piess, K. (1998)Hope in a Jar The Making of Americas Beauty Culture. Pennsylvania University of Pennsylvania Press, p. 134-167. * Rustenholz, A. (2003)Make Up. capital of the United Kingdom Hachette Illustrated, p. 70. LITERATURE REVIEW Blossom Cosmetics sells 100% rude(a) cosmetic and skin c atomic number 18 products directed towards teens and tweens. This publications review will cover the history of cosmetic use by women and teens, what goes into grocery storeing to this age congregation and the representations of femini nity and adolescence in media and marting.The review will springtime an overview of the Australian cosmetics and toiletries pains, the intentions behind consumer purchase of natural products, and the advantages and disadvantages of natural and chemical- found products respectively. In holy order to define a gap in the market, this review will also give insight into reliable trends appealing to the teen and tween demographic of Australia and how teens argon responding to cosmetics today. The sheer influence media and celebrities have on young commonwealth is explained in Advertising to Children.Marcia Amidon Lusted states that since the early 1980s, advertisers have discovered children and teens make up an frightful market. One market-research group estimated that U. S teens spent much than $159 billion dollars in 2005. Amidon Lusted goes onto discuss some of the ways companies cater to this tough market of teens. KAGOY or Kids are Getting Older, Younger refers to the way that kids today are identifying themselves with the adult world at earlier and earlier ages.One of ways marketers react to this social change is done the strategy of tweening, the marketing of products that were once thought suitable for teens to younger and younger kids (Amidon Lusted, 2009, p 35-40). Through abstract of the August 2012 expose of missy magazine an Australian publication directed at teen girls, current trends appealing to this young demographic are revealed. With teen role model and burgeoning actress Emma Stone on the cover, the issue features clauses like hot Aussie bands to add to your playlist, 95 ways to keep warm this winter and why fluent girls can come first.Style inspiration is heavily drawn from youthful celebrities like Elizabeth Olsen and Kate Bosworth, and posters feature the actors and actresses from new-fangled blockbusters like The Hunger Games. Most interestingly is an article called The profession of Beauty, which praises natural beauty and pro motes self-esteem for young girls ( miss, 2012). Murphys New Girl Order Youth, Gender, and Generation in Contemporary Teen Girls Media also examines how the young women of Generation Y in particular, have become a linchpin market for media industries.The book analyses various marketing campaigns, but most interestingly is that of 90s cosmetic brand Flygirl. The analysis concludes that the campaigns dole outful balance between the importance of external appearance and the development of inner durability is necessitated by the shared characteristics of this generation. Through further analysis, New Girl Order explains that girl-foc employ media promotes conformity while at the same time flattering the teen girl demographic with messages about the importance of their individuality (Murphy, 2008).While cosmetic brands are face with the challenge of tapping into the psychology of teenagers, they are also confronted by the set ups of this market. Childrens Market Doing It for the K ids, an article written for the Cosmetics melody website by Julia Wray discovers how brands are appealing to both parents and children. Consumer analyst for Mintel, Ricky Lakhani explains, due to added work pressure and lifestyles becoming to a greater extent hectic, women are delaying starting their families until later in life, which is having a bearing on their ability to spend to a greater extent on products for their children.The article explains that unlike the teens they will become, the tween market doesnt disposition to be treated like adults, but they wont suffer being babied either, and now the beauty world is starting to abridge note of this emerging demographic. Pacific World Corp and Walmart cause a stir when they announced their new line GeoGirl, a makeup brand for 8-12 course of study grizzlys. The states that it is likely that similar passs will hit store shelves in coming years as brand owners seek to engage with this potentially lucrative market (Wray, 2011) .An article written by Felicia Kamriani for Hollywood Weekly discusses the ways teens and tweens are responding to cosmetics today. Young girls use makeup as a form of expression of their individuality and independence, but also because they have an inherent desire to feel accepted and liked. Marshal Cohen, NPD Group Chief Industry Analyst is quoted in the article formulation tweens make the decision to purchase based solely on brand recognition they have a strong desire to fit in and be just as good as their peers.While the teen market uses style as their indicator of fashion acceptance, the tween market uses brands. M each teens and tweens are following the eco-natural trend, have on brightness level, barely-there makeup. Today, more cosmetics companies are focused on developing safer products free from toxic substances (Kamriani, 2008, p 10). An overview of the Australian cosmetics and toiletries industry from Austrade reveals that there is room for the introduction of natura l products in particular. The Australian cosmetic and toiletries industry has domestic gross sales of approximately A$5 billion per annum.Australian products achieve globular success because of their reputation for being reasonably and green. We are also known for our natural and organic products. There is currently a growing crave worldwide for natural skincare and body products and Australia has the advantage of already being accepted in this vault of heaven of the market (Austrade, 2009). But why the push for natural products? Chens evaluation of the Effectiveness of the inherent Cosmetic Product Compared to Chemical-Based Products, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the natural cosmetic and the chemical-based product respectively.A sentiment conducted for this study revealed that out of the 87% of people that actually used cosmetics, 94% believed that chemical-based cosmetics would cause side effects. Natural cosmetics are made from raw materials, little harm ful to the earth, and less harmful to the skin. However, natural cosmetics may contain plant-derived materials benefice to microbial appendage and alone a few preservatives, if some(prenominal) at all, which means a shorter shelf-life. Chemical-based cosmetics incorporate synthetic materials which achieve deprivation results quickly, but often at a cost.According to a study by the North American pass Dermatitis Group, preservatives are the second most common cause of allergic and irritant reactions to cosmetics (Chen, 2009). Consumer Purchase Intention for thoroughgoing Personal Care Products examines the effects of consumer values and past experiences on the purchase intention of organic products. As part of the study, an online survey was conducted with 207 panel members. The results indicated that environmental consciousness and appearance consciousness positively influence toward purchase organic or natural cosmetic products.The study suggested that retailers can develop effective marketing strategies accent ecological beauty, product safety and affordable scathes to increase the sale of organic and natural personal-care products (Kim et al, 2011). Based on this preliminary research, I have found that there is a definite gap in the market and a desire for natural Australian-made cosmetics. There is clearly a level of concern from the parents of the teens and tween that are so strategically marketed to and to succeed as a brand, Blossom would need to achieve the cool cypher for the tween/teen demographic to respond.However, to fully understand this target market and the objectives and strategies of competing cosmetic brands, primary research, including surveys, focus groups and ethnographic studies must(prenominal)(prenominal) be carried out. * Amidon Lusted, M. 2009. Advertising to Children. ABDO Publishing Company, Minnesota. p 35-40. * Girlfriend Magazine. 2012. ONLINE. Girlfriend Magazine. August Issue. Retrieved fromhttp//au. youth. yahoo. com/girlfriend/blog/galleries/g/-/14415833/2/august-2012-girlfriend-mag-sneak-peek/ * Murphy, C. 2008. New Girl Order Youth, Gender, and Generation in Contemporary Teen Girls Media.UMI Dissertation Publishing. * Cosmetics Business (2011)Childrens Market Doing It For The Kids. online gettable at http//www. cosmeticsbusiness. com/technical/article_page/Childrens_market_doing_it_for_the_kids/61075. * Kamriani, F. 2008. Teens and Cosmetics Its Not Like It Used to Be. Hollywood Weekly, Iss. 10 p. 10. * Austrade. 2009. Cosmetics and Toiletries Overview. online Available at http//www. austrade. gov. au/Cosmetics-and-Toiletries-overview/default. aspx * Chen, Q. 2009. Evaluate the Effectiveness of the Natural Cosmetic Product Compared to Chemical-Based Products.International Journal of Chemistry, 1 (2), p. 57-59. * Kim, H. and Chung, J. 2011. Consumer Purchase Intention for organic fertilizer Personal Care Products. The Journal of Consumer Marketing, 28 (1), p. 40-47. TARGET MARKET RESEA RCH In researching the target market of Blossom Beauty products, I designed two surveys, one for 10-16 year sure-enough(a) young women and one for parents, and mothers in particular. The results of each survey indicated that all participants in the 10-16 year centenarian group had been using cosmetic and skincare products since the ages of 10-14.In contrast to this are the survey results from the group of mothers, which indicated that participants had started using cosmetic and skincare products from the ages of 13-20. This demonstrates that a shift in the social acceptance of youth cosmetic use has created a potential gap in the market for such a product. On asking the 10-16 year old participants how they learnt to apply makeup, the majority revealed that it was their mother/family members that had taught them, with friends and personal experimentation following closely behind.This shows that family members, in particular mothers, are most influential in cosmetic-related decision s for this age group. 10-16 year old participants chose Clinique, Maybelline, MAC, Chi Chi, Bloom and Natio as their preferred beauty brands, while parent participants chose Ponds, Australis, Bonne Bell, Clinique and Bobby Brown as their favourite beauty brands during ages 13-20. When asked what kinds of cosmetic and skincare products they used when they were younger, the majority of these participants chose oculusliner, eye shadow, sassstick, mascara and powder, and few skin-related products, mostly from skincare brand Nivea.This contrasts with the majority of 10-16 year old participants who chose mascara, lip gloss/balm and light foundation as their preferred products. These makeup products are much lighter than those used by their mothers when they were teens, revealing a change in product use and commonly used brands. In terms of skincare, 60% of the 10-16 year old participants carry out a daily skincare routine, that involves a cleansing or exfoliating face wash, toner and moisturiser, with most favoured brand, Clearasil. Whilst the above graph shows that 66. 7% of the 10-16 year old participants use makeup products universal, 86. % admitted to not owning any natural cosmetic or skincare products. This reveals that there is a gap in the market for natural beauty products that are designed for everyday use. When asked which celebrities they considered most physically attractive, participants chose teen TV stars like Mischa Barton, Leighton Meester, Blake Lively and Selena Gomez, fashion icons like Lily Allen, Alexa Chung and Kate Bosworth and teen heartthrobs including Justin Bieber and Zac Efron. These celebrities are showed as stereotypically pretty and desirable, reflecting the sheer influence the media has on teen perceptions of beauty.The above graph shows that 64. 7% of parent participants would persuade to pay between $10 and $20 for their daughters beauty products. 52. 9% of participants would purchase their daughters beauty products from d epartment stores, followed by 41. 2% who would purchase them from beauty-specific stores like Priceline, as shown in the above graph. When shopping in the beauty/ hygiene aisle of the supermarket, 88. 2% of parent participants and only 40% of 10-16 year old participants indicated that they would be more attracted to light, clean coloured publicity in white or silver. In contrast, the results showed that only 11. % of the parent participants compared to 60% of 10-16 year old participants would be attracted to bright, loud coloured packaging in red or pink. 76. 5% of parent participants would allow their daughter to wear makeup every day, and 58. 8% believe it is appropriate for young women between the ages of 10 and 16 to wear makeup, however, a strong 41. 2% believe it isnt. Through analysis of these survey results, primary and secondary target market characteristics have been identified. Blossoms primary target market of teens and tweens between the ages of 10 and 16 are inexperien ced with cosmetic products compared to their mothers as teens.They are interested in using makeup, and require skincare products, but their mothers and family remain highly influential in their beauty-related decisions. The media, however, is also super influential in the decisions of this age group and a certain perception of beauty and what is considered attractive is based around current celebrities. The mothers of 10-16 year olds who make up Blossoms secondary target market are key consumers as they are the ones who purchase their daughters cosmetic and skincare products.These mothers want natural products for their daughters, but at an affordable price. This target market wont pay more than $20 and expect to find these beauty products where they might buy their own. PART II MARKETING launching MACRO & MICRO ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS POLITICAL The Advanced Association of Beauty Therapists (AABTH) have report that as consumers are becoming increasingly wary of potential toxicity i n cosmetics and toiletries, market segments offering fragrance-free products made using natural ingredients and essential oils are likely to record strong growth.While natural beauty products are in demand, there are strict guidelines based on the labelling of these products. The Australian Competition and Consumer fit out enforce the labelling of cosmetic products under the Competition and Consumer Act 2010. There are mandatory labelling requirements for the labelling of cosmetic products manufacture in, or imported into, Australia. Ingredients, including colour additives, fragrances and perfumes must be listed on the container or the product itself. ECONOMICBlossom is primarily targeted towards young women between the ages of 10 and 16. However, as this market is often still financially drug-addicted on their parents, we must take the pricing of our products into careful consideration. Many believe that the cosmetics industry is a recess proof market because history has shown t hat women continue to spend on items that have the feel good factor and represent value for money, but in the case of spending money on children, we must consider how the recession has affected parents. REFERENCE) SOCIAL The AABTH have also reported that there has been continued growth in the youth segment (the teen and tween boom), which is thought to account for roughly 20 per cent of the general cosmetics and toiletries market. It is believed that manufacturers and marketers may develop an increasing array of youth products that mimic their adult counterparts. Whilst the market for youth-focused cosmetics is booming, there is a great deal of controversy surrounding the selling of make-up to young women in particular.Young girls are eternally influenced by a dominant message about physical appearance equating with worth and it has been shown that an over-emphasis on looks and attractiveness leads to negative body image, disordered eating, depression, anxiety and low self-esteem. While some cosmetic companies are setting unrealistic standards of beauty for their customers, Blossom is based on the idea of natural beauty and the empowerment of young women. The Blossom Mentor Program for young women without role models is evidence of our efforts in fighting for a better result.TECHNOLOGICAL Recent studies have shown that 93% of teenagers 12-17 are onlinethe largest percentage of any age group, 73% of teens are on social networking sites and 75% of them own a mobile phone. The constant growth and popularity of technologies like the earnings and mobile phones, combined with the immense influence the media has on young people is staggering. With such an online presence and a truly transient nature, its crucial for Blossom to tap into this younger generation of technology-savvy teens to remain current. contention ANALYSISCOMPETITOR 1 Bloom Cosmetics Bloom is an Australian beauty brand, based on Melbourne that was founded in 1993 by Natalie Bloom. According to th e brands website, Bloom was born from Natalies packaging design hobby, which move into a business and eventually a brand. The Bloom product drop originally included intrinsic Oil Blends, Massage Oils and Aromatherapy Lip Balms and now features over 350 products including colour cosmetics, an 80-shade discharge polish range, the Australian-manufactured Bloom Organics range and a diffusion range b collection by Bloom.Bloom is now an internationally recognised beauty brand and stocked across the globe (Bloom Cosmetics, 2011). Product eye * Shadows * Liners * Mascara * Brow liners/gelsLIPS * Lipstick * Stains/tints * emblazon * Lip liners * BalmsFACE * Foundation * Tint * Concealers/highlighters * Primer * Bronzing * BlushTANNING/BRONZING GELS/CREAMSNAILS * Polish * Accessories e. g. files, removerSKIN * Organic body care & skincare * Organic accessories e. g. owels/bagsACCESSORIES * Wipes, sharpener, bags & brushesSince 2000, each Bloom product has featured the playful yet sophist icated Miss Bloom illustration, bring to the youthful sensibility of the brand. Price The price position of Bloom cosmetics ranges from $10 for accessories, $20-$30 for lip, eye and nail products, and up to $40-$50 for body care, skin care and face products. This is a higher price point in simile with competing brands. Place Bloom products are available from the Melbourne flagship store, Myer, David Jones and Target department stores as easy as online. Promotion * Bloom blog * Facebook * Twitter * Youtube * Email subscription * Competitions * Collaborations * Childrens Hospital Foundation stack * Specific selection of trained staff knowledgeable in beauty products in department & flagship stores. STRENGTHS * spacious product range * Multiple collaborations * Series of awards won * Internationally recognised/stocked * Organics & diffusion ranges * kindliness support corporate citizenship WEAKNESSES * As a youthful beauty brand, selling tanners & heavy makeup doesnt set h ealthy example for young people. Quite expensive for young people & parents in similarity with competitors e. g. Kit, Maybelline, GeoGIRL * Lack of information online OPPORTUNITIES * A youth focused/cheaper diffusion line or collaboration * involution and growth of international presence THREATS * Negativity from parents * Competition from competing international cosmetic and skincare brands. COMPETITOR 2 GeoGIRL CosmeticsGeoGIRL is an American beauty brand selling natural cosmetic and skin care products in reclaimable packaging for 8-12 year old girls. The GeoGIRL website explains that the brand was launched in 2011 by US department store Walmart. GeoGIRL products are natural, affordable and ideal for young, sensitive skin. The 69-piece GeoGIRL line features blush, mascara, face shimmer and lipstick. Each GeoGIRL product comes with directions (GeoGIRL, 2012).Product EYES * Shadows * Pencil * Mascara * Brow gelLIPS * Gloss * Balm * Shine * TreatmentsFACE * Concealer * Tint * Powd er * Blush/shimmerSKIN * Cleanser * Toner * Moisturiser/ refresher * Remover * Body mist Price The price point of GeoGIRL cosmetics ranges from USD$4 to USD$6, relatively low in comparison with competing brands. Place GeoGIRL cosmetics are available online at www. drugstore. com. Promotion * Facebook * Youtube * Green tips association with environmental consciousness * unselfishness link animal shelters & endangered wildlife * Media e. . US magazines Seventeen, Marie Claire & Teen Vogue * Music video * Membership & competitions people * GeoGIRL has a FAQ page dedicated to concerned parents, which explains the monitoring of personal information & accounts by trained staff members. STRENGTHS * Wide range of media coverage * A percentage of profits go to voted charities * How-to and music videos * Parents section of the website that addresses any concerns about the GeoGIRL products. * Customers can also sign-up to become a GeoGIRL to share their ideas online. WEAKNESSES * Only available online from a fighting(a) website called drugstore. com * Pricing for the products doesnt exceed $6 US dollars, portraying a cheap or low-quality brand image * The brand is only available to an American market * Website is in self-consistent and some parts are missing OPPORTUNITIES * Expansion to an international market * Distribution into bricks and howitzer stores * Further brand extensions or collaborations THREATS * Competing global brands * Negativity from parents & industry While Blossom Beauty will offer a smaller product range in comparison to Bloom and GeoGIRL, the price point will be higher than that of GeoGIRL to portray an image of quality and to cover costs, but lower than Bloom to remain affordable. Blossom will only be available to an Australian market to begin with, but may expand globally to deal with brands like Bloom. Blossom will focus on youth-appropriate products and promotion like GeoGIRL but will concur a sophisticated appearance and reputation like Bloom. Bloom Cosmetics (2011)Our Story. online Available at http//www. bloomcosmetics. om/cms-home/bloom-story. phps. GeoGIRL (2012)About GeoGIRL. online Available at http//geogirl. com/about. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS STRENGTHS * Blossom Beauty produces 100% natural skin care and cosmetic products for everyday use * Each product comes with a set of directions * Blossom has recruited a famous female famous person embassador to represent the brand * We support young women without role models with our Blossom Mentor Program * Blossom aims to work with a major teen fashion brand * Our product is available online, in department and beauty-specific stores WEAKNESSES Blossom will only be available to the Australian market to begin with * We may have to produce offshore to remain competitive and cover costs * We are yet to achieve any media coverage OPPORTUNITIES * A focus on planet-friendly, cost-efficient packaging * Growth of customer base, with sustained dedication past teen/tween years * Brand extensions into fragrance, body and hair care THREATS * Lack of control if manufacturing offshore * Risk of over-pricing products * Competing brands with established reputation and brand extensions * Negativity from parentsMARKET OVERVIEW OBJECTIVES & STRATEGIES Objectives Strategies * Position Blossom as a leading skincare and cosmetics brand, dedicated to the welfare of young women * Push the visibility of Blossom in the market through strategic promotional efforts Work with PR team to form a strong concept and consistent brand message communicated through campaign shoot to be featured in Dolly/Girlfriend magazines, buses, billboards and online 2-3 months before line is released. * Develop relationships with department stores e. g. MYER and David Jones, as well as beauty-specific store e. g. Priceline for distribution by June/July. * Launch line through event, coinciding with International Womens Day in June/July focus on mother-daughter relationship. * With t he assistance of web expertise, develop e-commerce website by June and maintain consistent brand message in social networking via Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Tumblr and Pinterest. * Diversify Blossom from competitors * Achieve a positive reputation through association Identify key Australian female celebrities who are viewed as positive role models and represent the values of Blossom and slip by out to them to secure a brand ambassador by early 2013. * Kick start Blossom Mentor Program and design school workshops by August. Connect with The Butterfly Foundation charity, work with PR team to publicise the program e. g. magazines, internet and POS promotion and get brand ambassador involved. * Build a loyal customer base that transcends teen years Align Blossom with youth-focused fashion destinations, online or in-store e. g. Factorie/ASOS etc and collaborate on a line as a goal towards the end of the year. * Research growing market and move into brand extensions by the beginni ng of 2014, branching out into fragrances, bath & body or haircare. tactical MARKETING PROGRAMS PRODUCT The Blossom Beauty range will consist of one cosmetic line and one skin care line.The all-natural cosmetic line will focus on the basics of natural beauty and will be made up of lip glosses, balms and tints, mix and match eye shadows, mascara, easy-to-use eye liner and eye crayons, mineral blush and cheek tint, mineral powder and tinted moisturiser, as well as a variety of makeup related tools including brushes, a case, mirror, sharpener and eyelash curler. The 100% natural skin care range will also be focused on the essentials, with a cream cleanser, exfoliating facial scrub, nutritive moisturiser, toner and acne serum.Cosmetic and skin care products will look and smell delicious in feminine coloured packaging and each will come with a brief set of instructions on how to achieve the desire result. PRICE Blossom beauty products will be priced anywhere between $15 and $30. This price point is slightly lower than competing brands to keep it accessible for teens and affordable for their parents as a secondary target market. The price may seem higher than other teen-friendly beauty products but only to cover the costs of natural ingredients and product tie-ins. PLACEBlossom products may have to be manufactured offshore in order for the brand to remain competitive. The products will be packaged in Australia and distributed to major department stores like Myer/David Jones, in beauty-specific stores including Priceline and online from our e-commerce website. PROMOTION Much like other well-known cosmetic brands, Blossom will have a strong commercial presence. Blossom advertisements will be featured in print media (e. g. Dolly and Girlfriend magazine) and outdoors, on billboards and on buses. Each advertisement will feature bright natural colours, youthful imagery and our brand ambassador.Blossom has chosen these promotional tools in order to connect directly wit h teens, tweens and their parents. That is why the brand will also maintain a strong online identity through social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter and the Blossom website that will include how-to videos, interactive quizzes and games, competitions and brand information. Blossom will also be promoted through collaborations with online and bricks and mortar shopping destinations and its Mentor Program for young girls. Each promotional method reinforces the brands message of the positivity of natural beauty and the empowerment of young women.PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS FINANCIAL Month Objective Budget Jan-Feb 2013 Brand ambassador chosen Market research conducted $6000 for focus groups$300 per personal interviews 6 interviews to represent different ages at bottom target market $1800 Workshops designed March-May Campaign shoot $20,000 Promotional activity Outdoor Bus/billboard $20,000Magazine $25,000 Website design $10,000-$20,000 to build website10% of cost to build webs ite per month for website maintenance Cosmetic and skin care line manufactured $20,000 June-July Launch event $20,000

Book Report †Sway: The Irresistible Pull of Irrational Behavior Essay

The book, stockpile The Irresistible snap of Irrational Behavior, by Ori Brafman and his br new(prenominal), Rom Brafman dives into the way that we make decisions. Why do humans make the slimy decisions we do when logic would tell us to act otherwise? There argon several psychological influences that sway our decision-making ability according to the Brafman brothers. The authors look at several different factors, with a lot of fascinate and logic-breaking examples. This book leave alone help you understand the decisions you make. In many circumstances times when logic would ordain that we turn back a certain action, we take the opposite. To illustrate, just ask yourself why you have stayed so coarse in a doomed relationship? Why was it so hard to sell a melodic phrase that has wooly-minded much of its revalueor to sell your house if it will be for less than you stipendiary for it? In their book, Sway, Ori and Rom Brafman explore our decision making process and what influe nces our behavior. Hence, the subtitle, The Pull of Irrational Behavior is used.Sway opens with a convincing example the historic KLM flight where the fell make a seemingly paradoxical decision that cost the lives of 584 populate in 1977, the largest airline tragedy in history. The authors make the disputation that because the pilot was so focused on getting to his final destination after being diverted he was swayed into making a wholly irrational decision, which ended in tragedy. How was he swayed preciseally? Well, the book revisits the KLM disaster a few times to flesh out the underlying irrational decisions likely being do by the pilot. The book is filled with such examples, such as people who have bid as much as $200 for a $20 bill. Why? Why would anyone pay more than the guinea pig value of a $20 bill? Well, the authors have the answers.Here I will describe all the major(ip) sways listed in the book. I will also give an example of the sway and why it affects people s o harshly.1. We overreact to potential losses. Humans tend to focus more on the short-term consequences rather than the longer-term make. This is illustrated rise by AOLs Internet options. For a while, AOL gave consumers access to the web through a pay as you go method. Customers would pay for e genuinely minute they used the Internet. Then, when AOL introduced a flat monthly fee, customers began signing up for that plan in masses.Customers desireed to make sure they avoided the perceivedlosses from the pay as you go method, when in the long run most users were losing money with the flat rate. 2. Loss averse. The more meaningful a loss is, the more loss averse we become, meaning we dont want to give up our hold on the loss (even when its economically, emotionally or otherwise beneficial to do so). The outmatch example of loss aversion is in the stock market. Inexperienced traders have the hardest time selling a plummeting stock. Say you invest in a stock for $10 a shargon and in a week the price rises to $20. Now it would be great to sell then. and then the next twenty-four hours the stock drops to $17 a shargon. For whatever reason, humans perceive this $3 difference as a loss, instead of a $7 gain (you invested at $10 and could sell at $17). So, the investor says, once it gets cover to $20 I will sell. Then it drops to $15, then $12, then $6, and before you know it, you have lost money, when you could have gained $7 a share3. Commitment. When we are committed to a relationship, decision, or position in our lives, it can be very difficult for us to see the better, healthier alternatives available. The best example of this in the book is the $20 dollar bill auction. Harvard Business School Professor Max Bazerman conducts this auction on the first day of his class.There are only two rules to the auction first, bids are to be made in $1 increments. The second rule is a little trickier the winner of the auction gets the $20, but the commencement up still h as to honor their bid, while receiving nothing. When the bidding gets closer and closer to $20 the students realize what is somewhat to occur. The two people left in the bidding war both do not want to walk away with nothing, therefore instead of accepting defeat and losing $19 in the auction, somebody will bid $21. The students continue bidding, ignoring all rationality and drive the price upwards. Bazerman states that it once made its way up to $204. 4. Value attribution. Humans have a tendency to place certain qualities upon someone or something found on its perceived value rather than objective data. If we see something labeled a certain way, well take that label at face value. The authors have two amusing examples of value attribution at realise a world-famous violinist is mistaken for a street musician in the subway and a SoBe free power drink that is only as valuable in fate improve your memory as you look at it is. In the SoBe energy drinks case, the authors cite a s tudy that measured test results after consumption of the energy drink.The subjects were put into threecategories. Those that had no SoBe, those that were told the powers of SoBe and then bought it at full price, and those that were also told the powers of SoBe but then authentic it at a discounted price. After taking a test, the results were measured to see if there was a expression within the groups. The results showed that those who drank the SoBe at full price had better test scores than those who had no SoBe at all. But before we run to buy all the energy drinks we can afford, the group who drank the cheap SoBe performed far worsened than those who drank no SoBe at all. When things are discounted off of their regular price, people tend to give the product or service a reduced value attribution. In other words, when we get a discount on something, we tend to unconsciously value it less than if we had paid full price.5. Diagnosis Bias. Humans have a propensity to label people, i deas or things based on our initial opinions of them. This includes our inability to reconsider those initial value judgments once weve made them. Again, the authors bring this sway to life with their examples of how players perform directly in relationship to their NBA draught pick upshot, amongst many others. A single word or label can color our replete(p) perception of a person, closing off avenues of shared experience and seeing people for who they really are. one time a person is devoted a label (and even directly, a diagnosis), its hard for people to see people in a way that isnt biased by that label. The authors also tune that hiring interviews are real a terrible way to identify possible employees. Turns out first fancy style interviews are completely unscientific and at the end of the day, quite horrible at helping managers choose a good employee.6. Fairness. People want and expect fairness in all of their dealing with other people, companies and organizations.It i s vitally important for people to see they have a voice. People want to be listened to and heard, even if nothing changes. Talking through our reasons for a price or our position in an argument or debate, explaining how we arrived at it, and communicating what we feel is the fair thing to do makes other people feel like weve treated them more fairly and reasonably. The authors cite a study done which pairs strangers and offers up a chance at winning cash. The strangers are placed in separate live and told that they will never meet the other person, even after the study is over. Then the instructions are given to the first subject. They are told that there is $10 dollars to be split between them and the partner. Theyhave been elect as the person to divide the money however they see fit. The catch is that the other person essential agree to the offer. If the person does not agree, both partners will walk away with nothing. The same speech is given to the second participant except w ith minor changes letting them know that the other person will be splitting the money and that they have the power to say yes or no to the deal. The study showed that all splits of 50/50 were accepted and almost all of the uneven splits were denied. Even though people were offered some money, they chose to discard it because they saw it as unfair. People did not seem to realize that they were in a favorable position just to be offered any money at all.7. Altruistically or Selfishly. Humans access code boththing from one of these two viewpoints, but usually not both at the same time.When the two centers of the top dog (altruism and pleasure) compete, pleasure usually wins. When the pleasure, self-interested perspective is operating, unexpected behavior or effects can occur. Essentially, a person cannot act in their own interest while looking out for others, because your desires to look out for number 1 will always win. This chance of the book also speaks on the most relevant po rtion to our class. It speaks on how reenforcements can damage someones work ethic when it is believe that they will actually help. Its not that reinforcements for specific tasks or behavior are bad, its the possibility of a reward dangled up of time that can potentially result in destructive, unintended effects. Its okay to reward someone after the fact, but dont always create the possibility of the reward ahead of time. And know that money defeats/negates altruism.8. Groups. Groups can have profound effects on our ability to reason rationally. A study was done on individuals and their ability to ignore wrong information. Subjects were placed in a mode with several other people and the task was given to all subjects identify which two lines were the same lengths. Then, on the screen 4 lines would appear, two of which were the same length. The study made it very obvious too no rulers were needed, for the lines were glaringly different.The catch was that only one person in the ro om was an actual subject, all other people were paid actors told to identify the wrong line. When the researchers asked the group which lines matched, all the actors would give the same incorrect answer, and the effects were powerful. 75% of the subjects incorrectly identified the lines because they did not want to go against the group. Then a second rophy beganand one actor was told to give the correct answer, or at least an answer different than the group. In almost all cases, the subject spat in the face of the actors and correctly identified the lines. The lesson to be intentional here is that dissent is invaluable you need a dissenter, even if you dont agree with the specific dissent itself. Dissenters open up discussion and allow individuals to express their views.I highly recommend this book. It was close impossible for me to put down and only took me about a day to read. I think very economically and logically (or at least I would like to believe), so the book spoke to m y every thought. The book offers a few solutions in the epilogue solutions that help individuals think more rationally. However the solutions are very trivial. Suggestions such as take a deep breathe and evaluate the situation are recommended. The problem with these solutions is that the situations dont allow for deep breaths That is why irrational behavior takes place in the first place. Overall, the book was a great read and a valuable lesson.